LEO CHEAT SHEET

Question 1

Larynx innervation is by the

Answer 1

Vagus nerve

Question 2

Motor innervation of larynx: 2 parts

Answer 2

External Superior Laryngeal

Recurrent Laryngeal

Question 3

the SLN (external branch) innervates the

Answer 3

Cricothyroid muscle, which tenses and adducts the vocal cords.

Question 4

Which muscle TENSES the vocal cords

Answer 4

CricoThyroid muscle (add)

Question 5

Which muscle RELAXES the vocal cords

Answer 5

ThyroaRytenoids

Question 6

Muscle ADDUCT cord

Answer 6

Lateral Cricoarytenoids (bring it in from the side)

Question 7

Muscle ABDUCT cord

Answer 7

Posterior Cricoarytenoids (You take it out back)

Question 8

Sensory ABOVE VOCAL CORDS

Answer 8

Internal Superior Laryngeal

Question 9

Sensory BELOW ABOVE LOCAL Cords

Answer 9

Recurrent Laryngeal

Question 10

Pharynx: Motor provided by

Answer 10

Spinal Accessory

Question 11

Pharynx: Sensory provided by

Answer 11

Glossopharyngeal

Question 12

Normal P50 =

Answer 12

26-27 mm Hg

Question 13

Factors shifting Oxygen Dissociation curve to the right

Answer 13

CADET faces RiGHT
Increase CO2
Increase [H+] (Acidosis)
Decrease pH
Increase Temp
Increase 2-3 DPG
Sickle cell

Question 14

Factors shifting Oxygen Dissociation curve to the LEFT

Answer 14

Decrease CO2
Decrease [H+] (Alkalosis)
Increase pH
Decrease Temp
Increase CO poisoining(Carboxyhemoglobin)
Fetal Hemoglobin
Methemoglobin 
Sickle cell

Question 15

Right shift significance

Answer 15

Release (RR) Decrease O2 affinity (increase RELEASE of O2 to the tissues)

Question 16

Left shift significant

Answer 16

Love O2 (LL) Increase O2 affinity

Question 17

Bohr effect” PaCO2 affects Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 17

A decrease in pH shifts the standard curve to the right, while an increase shifts it to the left.Carbon dioxide affects the curve in two ways: first, it influences intracellular pH, known as the Bohr Effect,
Co2 and H+ Affect O2 delivery

Question 18

The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shows the relationship between the

Answer 18

hemoglobin saturation (SO2) at different oxygen tensions (PO2).

Question 19

The P50

Answer 19

is the oxygen tension at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated.

Question 20

The haldane effect states that

Answer 20

PaO2 affects the dissociation curve

Question 21

Hamburger shift is

Answer 21

Also known as Chloride shift. Cl- exchange for HCO3 in RBCs,, HCO2 out , Cl in ; non-pulmonary

Question 22

SaO2 of 90 is PaO2 of

Answer 22

60

Question 23

SaO2 of 70 is PaO2 of

Answer 23

40

Question 24

Dissolved O2 formula

Answer 24

0.003 x PaO2

Question 25

O2 bound to HgB =

Answer 25

(1.34 x HgB) (SaO2)

Question 26

Total O2 Content =

Answer 26

(0.003 X PaO2) + (1.34 X HgB) (SaO2)

Question 27

O2 consumption formula

Answer 27

250 ml/min which is 3-4 ml/kg/min

Question 28

Dissolved Co2

Answer 28

0.067 x PaCO2

Question 29

Control of ventilation is in the

Answer 29

Brainstem

Question 30

Primary Respiratory Center are

Answer 30

Dorsal Respiratory Group (Pacemaker) | Ventral Respiratory Group

Question 31

Primary Respiratory Center located in the

Answer 31

Medulla

Question 32

What are the 2nd respiratory Centers? where are they located ?

Answer 32

Apneustic Pneumotaxic PONS

Question 33

Receptors in medulla

Answer 33

Central chemoreceptors

Question 34

Peripheral Chemoreceptors,

Answer 34

The aortic and carotid bodies,

Question 35

Central chemoreceptors located in the Medulla respond to

Answer 35

Located within the medulla, they are sensitive to the pH of their environment. peripheral chemoreceptors:

Question 36

Role of Peripheral Chemoreceptors

Answer 36

which act principally to detect variation of the oxygen concentration in the arterial blood, also monitor arterial carbon dioxide and pH.

Question 37

Why are central and peripheral receptors important?

Answer 37

This is an important mechanism for maintaining arterial blood pO2, pCO2, and pH within appropriate physiological ranges.

Question 38

Hering-Breuer reflex:

Answer 38

Vagus nerve, prevents over- stretching prevent the over-inflation of the lung.

Question 39

Physiologic Dead Space =

Answer 39

Anatomic DS + Alveolar DS

Question 40

Anatomic DS =

Answer 40

Conducting air passageways + ETT≈ 2ml/kg

Question 41

Alveolar DS =

Answer 41

Ventilation without perfusion

Question 42

Compliance =

Answer 42

Δ V/ Δ P

Question 43

Lateral Decubitus Un-anesthesized: V is

Answer 43

Nondependent Decrease | Dependent Increase

Question 44

Lateral Decubitus Un-anesthesized: Q is

Answer 44

Nondependent Decrease | Dependent Increase

Question 45

Lateral Decubitus Anesthesized: V

Answer 45

Non dependent increase | Dependent Decrease

Question 46

Lateral Decubitus Anesthesized: Q

Answer 46

Non dependent decrease | Dependent Increase

Question 47

Jackson-REESE

Answer 47

Minimuim flow 5L/min | 2.5-3 x MV

Question 48

Bain Circuit min flow

Answer 48

70ml/kg for CV, or 100-300ml/kg For SV