LESISURE Flashcards
(11 cards)
sports for nobility and rich
-hunting with dogs
-falconry
- fencing
- real tennis
- wrestling in private
- swimming
sports for everyone else
- football
- public wrestling
- swimming
Spectator sports
Bear baiting
Dogs were let loose on a bear chained to a post. Bears were expensive so it was important the bear wasn’t killed but many dogs were. Special arenas were built for bear baiting.
Bull baiting
Bulls were tied to a post in a bull ring. Dogs attacked the bull until either the bull or the dogs were dead.
Cock-fighting
Cockerels were fitted with metal spurs* in order to attack each other.
Theatre
religious plays were initially common.
comedies and tragedies were common .
theatre companies set up for plays such as red lion and the rose and global theatre
The Puritans - they believed theatres were the work of the devil, spreading rude and lewd ideas encouraging poor moral behaviour. They also associated the theatre with the Romans, who had persecuted Christians.
The authorities - began to fear that plays could encourage rebellions as many characters were dressed as vagrants and beggers
why did poverty increase ? 3 reasons
population growth ( by 35% ) and rise in prices.
sheep farming : growth of wool meant many farmers would rather rear sheep on common land than grow food and sheep farming does not require many workers so unemployment rose
Enclosures : land divided into fields with smaller privately owned ones. less need for labourers
enclosure in more detail
Enclosures did not make landowners poor - they often made them rich, however poor farm labourers became poorer
Enclosures caused
a loss of jobs
common land was enclosed, so villagers lost land where their animals could graze and collect firewood. This made poor subsistence farmers even poorer
As the money that could be earned from farming increased, landowners put up the rents for tenant farmers. Those who could not afford to pay were kicked off their land to make way for more successful tenants
How did attitudes start to change towards Poverty?
poor laws
1563 : statue of artificers = refuse to pay poor rates you could be imprisoned
1572 : vagabonds act
vagrants whipped, hole drilled in ear
imprisoned, branded = second time
death penalty is caught third time, jps keep registers and towns responsible for fighting work for the poor
1576 poor relief act
1601 ACt for the relief of the poor
Sir Walter Raleigh
A noblemen
an explorer during Elizabeth’s reign.
- In 1584, Elizabeth gave Raleigh
a grant to explore and settle lands
in North America. - Raleigh needed to raise huge amounts
of money and encourage potential
English colonists to leave their
homes and settle in a land many knew
little about. - Raleigh did not lead the colonists,
but he was significant because he
raised funds for the project and
persuaded people to leave England
and settle in Virginia.
Why was Virginia colonised?
2 Trade. Explorers and colonists would be able to barter ironware, woollen cloth and hunting knives in return for animal skins, gold and other commodities that could be sold at a profit. The colony could also produce crops, sugar cane and tobacco that could be brought back to England.
England would be less dependent on Spain, France and Italy for imported goods if it
could produce them in Virginia.
Welcoming and friendly natives, including two Algonquian Indians who travelled back to
England, encouraged the English to go there.
@ Raleigh was able to persuade investors that the trip would be profitable. People, including
members of the nobility and the gentry, were prepared to invest in the expedition.
raising funds
- promised to capture Spanish ships
- he invested a lot of his own money making others believe that it will work
- appointed leaders for the new colony
why did they fail
colonists left to late to plant crops in Virginia. food supplies and seed are damaged. one of their ships a tiger around and damaged.
expected to get rich quick = not what they expected
Some not prepared to work hard.
colonists did not work well together.Farmers did not want to work for uc.too msny craftsmen not many farmers.
soldiers did not have skills for farming and hunters ran out of gun powder
