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Anatomy and Physiology I > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

study of structure

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of function

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3
Q

What is the Terminologica Anatomica?

A

standardized anatomical vocabulary by using the same terms so everyone can discuss anatomy

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4
Q

ways to examine the human body: inspection

A

looking at the appearance

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5
Q

ways to examine the human body: palpation

A

feeling the structure with your hands

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6
Q

ways to examine the human body: auscultation

A

listening to the sounds produced by the body

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7
Q

ways to examine the human body: percussion

A

tapping on the body, feeling for resistance, and listening to the emitted sounds for abnormalities

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8
Q

ways to examine the human body: dissection

A

cutting and separating human body tissue to real tissue relationships
- uses a cadaver

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9
Q

ways to examine the human body: comparative anatomy

A

studying multiple species to learn about form, function, and evolution

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10
Q

ways to examine the human body: exploratory surgery

A

opening the living body to see what is wrong
- now replaced by medical imaging to view inside the body

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11
Q

ways to examine the human body: radiology

A

branch of medicine specializing in imaging

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12
Q

gross anatomy

A

the structures visible with the naked eye

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13
Q

gross anatomy: surface

A

exterior features

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14
Q

gross anatomy: regional

A

body areas

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15
Q

gross anatomy: systemic

A

organ systems

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16
Q

gross anatomy: clinical

A

medical specialities
- ex. pathological, radiographic

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17
Q

gross anatomy: developmental

A

from conception to death
- embryology

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18
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

requires the use of a microscope

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19
Q

cytology

A

study of the structure and function of cells

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20
Q

histology

A

examination of tissues with microscopes

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21
Q

histopathology

A

microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease

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22
Q

neurophysiology

A

physiology of the nervous system

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23
Q

endocrinology

A

physiology of hormones

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24
Q

systemic physiology

A

functions of an organ system

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25
pathophysiology
mechanisms of a disease
26
comparative physiology
study pf different species to learn about body functions
27
hierarchy of complexity
organisms are composed of organ systems organ systems are composed of organs organs are composed of tissues tissues are composed of cells cells are composed of organelles organelles are composed of molecules molecules are composed of atoms
28
situs inversus
left/right inversion of organ placement
29
male reference
22 years old light physical activity 2800 kcal/day 154 lbs
30
female reference
22 years old light physical activity 2000 kcal/day 128 lbs
31
Claude Bernard
noted fairly constant internal conditions despite changing external factprs
32
Walter Cannon
coined the term homeostasis
33
vasodilation
blood vessels dilate, or open
34
vasoconstriction
blood vessels constrict, or close
35
Negative Feedback Loop: Homeostasis of Blood Pressure
Baroreflex 1. getting up from bed, blood drains from the head and blood pressure falls in that region 2. this change is detected by baroreceptors that transmit signals to the cardiac center of the brainstem 3. the cardiac center transmits signals to the heart to increase heart rate, raising blood pressure and restoring homeostasis
36
three common components of a feedback loop
receptor, integrating center, and effector
37
receptor
structure that senses changes in the body
38
integrating center
control center that processes the sensory information, 'makes a decision', and directs the response
39
effector
cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action to restore homeostasis
40
Positive Feedback Loop: Childbirth
1. head of the fetus pushes against the cervix 2. nerve impulses from the cervix are transmitted to the brain 3. brain stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete oxytocin 4. oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and pushes the fetus towards the cervix
41
eponyms
structures named after people - we don't use these anymore
42
three main portions of a term
1. root 2. combining vowels 3. prefix and/or suffix
43
radiography
xrays - over half of all medical imaging - radiopaque substances can be ingested/injected to show hollow structures - digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is useful for showing blockages and bloodlfow
44
computed tomography - CT scan
- formerly a CAT scan - low intensity x-rays and computer analysis - slicetype images - increased image sharpness
45
magnetic resonance imaging - MRI
- no xrays - superior image quality - functional MRI can show changes in real time
46
positron emission tomography - PET scan
- assesses metabolic state of tissue - inject radioactively labeled glucose - image color shows tissues using the most glucose in that moment - damaged tissues appear dark
47
sonography
sound - oldest and second most widely used - high frequency sound waves echo back from internal organs - avoids xrays - image not very sharp
48
correct anatomical position
standing upright facing towards you arms down palms facing you
49
supine
supine for situps - body is laying flat with stomach and face superior
50
superior
up
51
prone
prone for pushups - body is laying flat with stomach and face inferior
52
inferior
down
53
three anatomical planes: frontal (coronal)
divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
54
three anatomical planes: saggital
divides the body into left and right regions
55
midsagittal plane
the sagittal plane that is directly in the middle of the body
56
parasagittal plane
the sagittal plane that is offset from the middle of the body
57
three anatomical planes: transverse
divides the body into superior and inferior portions
58
four main abdominal quadrents
- left upper quadrant - left lower quadrant - right upper quadrant - right lower quadrant
59
nine abdominal regions
- right hypochondriac - right lumbar - right inguinal - epigastric - umbilical - hypogastric - left hypochondriac - left humbar - left inguinal
60

Anatomy and Physiology I (22 decks)

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