Lesson 1

Question 1

They occupy specific locations, and they exert a strong influence over their surroundings.

Answer 1

Terminals

Question 2

they perform specific economic functions and serve as clusters of specialized activities.

Answer 2

terminals

Question 3

Why do we need terminals?

Answer 3

for vehicles, passengers, and goods

Question 4

the point where a bus route starts or ends, where vehicles stop, turn or reverse, and wait before departing on their return journeys.

Answer 4

Bus terminal or terminus

Question 5

It’s also where passengers board and alight from vehicles.

Answer 5

Bus terminal or terminus

Question 6

Land Base Terminal Characteristics

Answer 6

Passenger Information center.
E-Ticketing area.
PRO (Public Relation Officer) Office.
Ladies Waiting Area.
Well designed foyer.
Well designed general waiting Area.
Retail outlets.
Hygienic and clean toilet Area.

Question 7

a railway facility where trains stop to load or unload passengers, freight or both.

Answer 7

train station, railway station, railroad station or depot

Question 8

gateways for cargo and people and are made of up terminals that specialize in a one specific throughput.

Answer 8

Ports

Question 9

a part of a port where containerized cargo is transported from land to sea and from sea to land.

Answer 9

container terminal

Question 10

facilities owned by theport authoritysuch as: seawall jetties; piers; wharves; docks; boat landings; marinas; warehouses; storehouses; elevators; grain bins; cold storage plants; terminal icing plants; bunkers; oil tanks; ferries; canals; locks; bridges; tunnels; seaways; conveyors; modern

Answer 10

Port Facilities

Question 11

usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as a runway for a plane to take off and to land or a helipad, and often includes adjacent utility buildings such as control towers, hangars and terminals, to maintain …

Answer 11

airport

Question 12

Passengers must go to bus terminals and airports first, where they are “assembled” into busloads or planeloads to reach their final destinations where they are dispersed.

Answer 12

Transport Terminal (Assembly Area)

Question 13

cannot travel individually but ingroups orbatches

Answer 13

passengers and freight

Question 14

points of interchange involving the same transport mode.

Answer 14

terminals

Question 15

Terminals may be a points of interchange between different modes of transportation and their respective networks

Answer 15

terminals (inter-modal point of interchange)

Question 16

Freight must be consolidated at a distribution center, a port, or a rail yard before onward shipment.

Answer 16

Transport Terminal (consolidation center)

Question 17

_______ must be consolidated at a distribution center, a port, or a rail yard before onward shipment.

Answer 17

freight

Question 18

• Board, get off and transfer without assistance

Answer 18

passengers

Question 19

process information and act on it without assistance

Answer 19

passengers

Question 20

make choices between transport modes without assistance but often irrationally

Answer 20

passengers

Question 21

require travel accommodations related to comfort and safety

Answer 21

passengers

Question 22

must be loaded, unloaded and transferred

Answer 22

freight

Question 23

information must be processed through logistics managers

Answer 23

freight

Question 24

logistics managers meet choices between transport modes rationally

Answer 24

freight

Question 25

require accommodations related to storage

Answer 25

freight

Question 26

One core attribute of transport terminals is their

Answer 26

convergence function

Question 27

They are obligatory points of passage, capitalizing on their geographical location, which is generally intermediate to commercial flows. Thus, transport terminals are either created by the centrality or the intermediacy of their respective locations.

Answer 27

convergence function

Question 28

locations where flows converge and are the foremost expression of global connectivity.

Answer 28

gateways and hubs

Question 29

central location in a transport system with many inbound and outbound connections of the same mode

Answer 29

hub

Question 30

shift from one mode to the other (such as maritime / land).

Answer 30

gateway

Question 31

performs an intermodal function (between modes)

Answer 31

gateway

Question 32

mostly transmodal (within a mode) in nature

Answer 32

hub

Question 33

- within the same modal transport network - points of entry and exit

Answer 33

connectivity

Question 34

- between modal transport - transfer passengers and freight

Answer 34

interface

Question 35

- between modal transport networks - synchronize capacity and service frequency

Answer 35

buffer

Question 36

importance and performance (3) major attributes

Answer 36

location accessibility infrastructure

Question 37

major locational factor of a transport terminal is obviously to serve a large concentration of economic activities, representing a terminal’s market area.

Answer 37

location

Question 38

how well the terminal is linked to the regional transport system is of importance

Answer 38

accessibility

Question 39

The primary function of a terminal is to handle and transship freight or passengers since modes are physically separated.

Answer 39

infrastructure

Question 40

The time a conveyance (bus, truck, train, or ship) is allowed to load or unload passengers or freight at a terminal

Answer 40

dwell time

Question 41

which reflects the performance of terminal infrastructures and management, including the scheduling and availability of transport services

Answer 41

operational

Question 42

which is usually linked with the performance of clearance procedures (such as checking in and customs)

Answer 42

transactional

Question 43

For passenger terminals, travelers expect the ________ dwell time possible

Answer 43

lowest

Question 44

refers to the amount of time cargo stays in a terminal yard or storage area while waiting to be loaded.

Answer 44

dwell time in freight terminal

Question 45

 implying that the owner or the carrier of the cargo deliberately leaves the cargo at the terminal as part of a transport or supply chain management strategy

Answer 45

storage

Question 46

has incited new relations between transport terminals, which are becoming nodes in integrated transport chains.

Answer 46

intermodalism

Question 47

This is particularly the case between port, rail, and barge terminals. 

Answer 47

intermodalism

Question 48

individual mobility is how passengers access buses, ferries, or trains

Answer 48

passenger terminal

Question 49

Indeed, services such as ticketing, shelter, food, and security are required, but the layouts and activities taking place in _____ terminals tend to be simple.

Answer 49

passenger terminal

Question 50

_________handling requires specific loading and unloading equipment.

Answer 50

freight

Question 51

In addition to the facilities needed to accommodate ships, trucks, and trains (berths, loading bays, and freight yards, respectively),

Answer 51

freight terminal

Question 52

a wide range of handling gear and storage are required, which is determined by the types of cargo handling.

Answer 52

freight terminal

Question 53

conventional port

Answer 53

1. small terminal surface 2. Dockside warehousing 3. Direct transshipment possible 4. Limited mechanization 5. Improvised terminal operations 6. Long dwell time (days or Weeks)

Question 54

container port

Answer 54

1. large terminal surface 2. Indirect transshipment (modal separation in time and in space) 3. Advance mechanization and automation 4. Organization and planning 5. Short dwell time (hours or days)

Question 55

can be simplified as a linear function for three modes; road, rail, and maritime.

Answer 55

transport cost

Question 56

This function only considers the cost of loading and transport to the destination, but not unloading and backhaul moves.

Answer 56

transport cost

Question 57

It notably applies to freight, but passenger transportation depicts similar patterns, although maritime is not a common option outside ferries

Answer 57

transport cost

Question 58

The cost functions all begin at some point up the cost axis, representing terminal costs. Because of different terminal costs, maritime shipping (T3; port costs) and rail (T2; yard costs) have significant disadvantages compared to road (T1; loading) over short distances. This implies that road transportation is at an advantage over short distances because of its low terminal costs, while the maritime option begins to be viable over much longer distances. Although road, rail, and maritime can be perceived as competing, they are usually more complementary since last mile (or first mile) segments usually need to be performed by road.

Answer 58

read and understand bitch

Question 59

Include construction and maintenance costs of structures such as piers, runways, cranes, and facilities (warehouses, offices, etc.).

Answer 59

infrastructure costs

Question 60

The costs of loading and unloading passengers or freight, mostly related to labor and energy.

Answer 60

Transshipment costs

Question 61

Many terminals are managed by institutions such as port or airport authorities or by private companies (e.g. terminal operators),

Answer 61

management costs

Question 62

For instance, ground and air traffic control are a necessity for airport operations. Complex terminals have extensive information systems to must be operated and maintained.

Answer 62

management costs

Question 63

Because ships have the largest carrying capacities, they incur the largest terminal costs, since it may take many days to load or unload a vessel. Conversely, a truck or a passenger bus can be loaded much more quickly, and hence the terminal costs for road transport are the lowest. Terminal costs play an important role in determining the competitive position between the modes. Because of their high freight terminal costs, ships and rail are generally unsuitable for short-haul trips.

Answer 63

read and understand bitch

Question 64

nature of transport terminal

Answer 64

assembly area consolidation center inter-modal point of interchange hubs convergence function

Question 65

refers to goods that are handled in large quantities are unpacked and are available in uniform dimensions

Answer 65

bulk

Question 66

refers to goods that are of many shapes, dimensions, and weights such as machinery, processed materials ang parts. Because the goods are so uneven and irregular, handling is difficult to mechanize. General cargo handling usually requires labor

Answer 66

general cargo

Question 67

standard units that have had substantial impact on terminal operations.

Answer 67

containers

Question 68

have minimal labor requirements and perform a wide variety of intermodal functions.

Answer 68

containers

Question 69

they, however require a significant amount of storage space, which are simple paved areas where containers can be stacked and retrieved with intermodal equipment (cranes, straddlers, and holster)

Answer 69

containers

Question 70

transferring the contents of ISO into domestic containers. Trade-off between less lifts and consolidation

Answer 70

consolidation

Question 71

transferring the contents of heavy containers into loads meeting national or regional road weight limits.

Answer 71

weight compliance

Question 72

remove the weight of the container and shift to a lighter load unit

Answer 72

weight compliance

Question 73

placing loose (floor loaded) containerized cargo unit pallets. adapting to local load unit

Answer 73

palletizing

Question 74

handing back containers to owning companies by transferring cargo into another load unit.

Answer 74

demurrage and equipment availability

Question 75

making maritime containers available for exports and domestic containers available for imports

Answer 75

demurrage and equipment availability

Question 76

terminal and transloading facility as a buffer

Answer 76

supply chain management

Question 77

delay decision to route freight to better fulfill regional demands

Answer 77

supply chain management

Question 78

perform added values activities (packaging, labeling, final assembly)

Answer 78

supply chain management

Question 79

functions of inland terminals

Answer 79

satellite terminal load center transshipment

Question 80

close to port facility. functions that have become too expensive at the port

Answer 80

satellite terminal

Question 81

container transloading

Answer 81

satellite terminal

Question 82

access to regional markets

Answer 82

load center

Question 83

intermodal, warehousing, and logistics functions

Answer 83

load center

Question 84

linked with logistics parks and foreign trade zones

Answer 84

load center

Question 85

link system of freight circulation

Answer 85

transshipment

Question 86

through the same mode (rail to rail)

Answer 86

transshipment

Question 87

through intermodalism (rail to truck)

Answer 87

transshipment

Question 88

Counted in the airport totals even though they do not originate there, and so airports that serve as major transfer facilities inevitably record high passengers totals.

Answer 88

Transfer passenger

Question 89

Has favored the emergence of hierarchy of terminals fulfilling different functions and added value, the same observation applies to passengers transport, where specific hierarchy of terminals is evident

Answer 89

Containerization

Question 90

Containerization and changing operation characteristics to transport terminals

Answer 90

1. Consolidation 2. Weight compliance 3. Palletizing 4. Demurrage and equipment availability 5. Supply Chain Management

Question 91

Frequently measure competition between the modes.

Answer 91

Cost comparison