Lesson 3 - Port

Question 1

Packed general cargo

Answer 1

break bulk cargo
Neo bulk cargo
Unitized cargo

Question 2

Unpacked bulk cargo

Answer 2

liquid bulk
Dry bulk

Question 3

Break bulk cargo (BABODRUPABOCRA)

Answer 3

bags
barrels
drums
pallets
boxes
crates

Question 4

Neo bulk cargo

Answer 4

lumber
paper
steel
cars
trucks

Question 5

Unitized cargo

Answer 5

trailer
container

Question 6

Liquid bulk

Answer 6

gasolin
LNG
chemicals
petroleum
crude oil

Question 7

dry bulk

Answer 7

metals
coal
grain
iron core
minerals
cement

Question 8

because goods are uneven and irregular, handling is difficult to mechanize

Answer 8

general cargo

Question 9

handling this requires labor

Answer 9

general cargo

Question 10

Category of Ports

Answer 10

Monofunctional ports
Polyfunctional ports

Question 11

transit a limited array of commodities, most often dry or liquid bulks (raw materials)

Answer 11

monofunctional ports

Question 12

vast harbors where transshipment and industrial activities are present

Answer 12

polyfunctional ports

Question 13

they have a variety of specialized and general cargo piers linked to wide range of modes that can include containers, bulk cargo, or raw materials

Answer 13

polyfunctional ports

Question 14

they are subject to active governance

Answer 14

port authorities and port holdings

Question 15

public port authorities were created at the beginning of the 20th century

Answer 15

port authorities and port holdings

Question 16

a governance structure became a standard that was adapted to many ports, leading to adaptation to local political and jurisdictional realities

Answer 16

port authorities and port holdings

Question 17

an entity of state or local government that owns, operates, or otherwise provides wharf, dock, and other marine terminal investment and services at ports

Answer 17

port authority

Question 18

an entity, commonly private that owns or leases port terminals in a variety of locations

Answer 18

port holding

Question 19

it also known as port terminal operator

Answer 19

port holding

Question 20

in an era characterized by lower levels of direct public involvement in the management of transport terminals and port privatization, specialized companies involved in the management of port terminals are finding opportunity to develop

Answer 20

port holding

Question 21

is a long term lease of port facilities involving the requirement that the concessionaire undertakes capital investment to build, expand, or maintain the cargo-handling facilities, equipment, and infrastructure to satisfy a minimum level

Answer 21

concession agreements

Question 22

a contract that gives a company the right to operate a specific business within government’s jurisdiction or on another firm’s property, subject to particular terms

Answer 22

concession agreements

Question 23

a contract which a government transfer operating rights to private enterprise, which then engages in an activity contingent on government on government approval and subject to the terms of the contract. The contract may include the rehabilitation or construction of infrastructure by concessionaire.

Answer 23

concession agreement

Question 24

current _______ underlines that ports are going beyond their own facilities to help accommodate additional traffic and the complexity of freight distribution, namely by improving hinterland transportation

Answer 24

development phase

Question 25

is such an outcome and indicates a higher level of integration between maritime and inland transport systems, particularly by using rail and barge transportation, which are less prone congestion that road transportation.

Answer 25

port regionalization

Question 26

especially large gateways, are facing wide array of local constrains that impair their growth and efficiency

Answer 26

ports

Question 27

_____ thus enable to partially circumscribe local constrains by externalizing them

Answer 27

port regionalization

Question 28

the port must have infrastructures such as piers, basins, stacking or storage areas, and equipment such as cranes, all which involve high levels of capital investment

Answer 28

infrastructure and equipment

Question 29

rely on unique array of infrastructure including containers, stacking yard by gantry cranes, and the vehicles used to move containers around terminal, such as straddle carriers.

Answer 29

modern container terminals

Question 30

also developed infrastructure to handle refrigerated containers (reefers) with separated stacking areas

Answer 30

container ports

Question 31

access from the port to industrial complexes and markets ensure its growth and importance

Answer 31

land access

Question 32

primary function of port

Answer 32

supply services to freight

Question 33

at start cargo-oriented facilities involving wide array of activities related to their management and operations.

Answer 33

port

Question 34

the ____ of port can expand through the intensification of its fundamental hinterland, the expansion of its hinterland to new areas, and the development of transshipment.

Answer 34

cargo base

Question 35

many ports are also involved in other activities such as

Answer 35

fishing, ferries, cruises, and recreational activities

Question 36

it is linked to variety of local and regional industrial activities as the largest ports in the world are gateways to large industrial regions

Answer 36

port throughput

Question 37

major ports have established themselves as ____ of continental distribution systems and have access to high capacity inland freight distribution corridor, notably rail

Answer 37

gateways

Question 38

ports are subject to ____

Answer 38

active governance

Question 39

port authorities are created during ____

Answer 39

beginning of 20th century

Question 40

became a standard that was adapted to many other ports, leading to adaptation to local political and jurisdictional realities

Answer 40

governance structure

Question 41

for large port, concessions agreement have permitted the presence of more than one terminal operator competing over the port foreland and hinterland

Answer 41

intra-port competition

Question 42

the development of global supply chains increased the pressure on maritime transport, port operations and on inland freight distributions, which in turn has incited the setting of _______ and transloading activities in the vicinity of port terminals.

Answer 42

satellite terminals

Question 43

its i a process that can take place both of foreland and the hinterland to provide continuity between the maritime and inland freight transport system

Answer 43

regionalization

Question 44

characterized by strong functional interdependency and even joint development of a specific load center and logistics platform in the hinterland.

Answer 44

port regionalization

Question 45

global production and consumption have substantially changed distribution with the emergence of regional production systems as well as large consumer markets

Answer 45

supply chain management

Question 46

_____ is required to ensure connectivity within the global trading system

Answer 46

transshipment

Question 47

developed to service smaller ports unable to accommodate larger containerships, which is common because of the limited draft and port infrastructure

Answer 47

transshipment

Question 48

is a port terminal used for ship-to-ship operations within a maritime transport system.

Answer 48

intermediate hub (or transshipment hub)

Question 49

has often been used to characterize such locations because cargo handled at the port of destination is transshipped at a location commonly in third country

Answer 49

offshore hub