Lesson 1 Flashcards by Connor Bee

Three parts to the Golden Hour

To Be in and operating room within 60 minutes

Major trauma patients cannot be stabilized in the field

Efficient use of time requiring the use of priority action approach

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Role of the attendant (4)

Provide care

Positively affect outcome

Record and report

Decision-RTW or medical aid

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Four parts to the priority action approach

Scene assessment

Primary Survey

Critical interventions and transport decision

Secondary survey

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6 parts scene Assessment

What happened? (Mechanism of injury)

Is the area safe? (hazards)

Number of injured?

what do I see?

Is patient responsive?

Do I need C-spine control?

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RTC

Rapid transport category

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8 RTC mechanisms

Freefall from 20 feet or 6.5 m

Severe deceleration in an MVA (if anyone was killed or ejected, where the airbags deployed)

Pedestrian or cyclist struck at a speed higher than 20 mph or 30 km/h

Severe crush injuries (pinned more than 40 minutes)

Smoke or toxic gas inhalation, or carbon monoxide poisoning

Decompression illness

Near-drowning

Electrical injury

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Define Primary Survey

Rapid examination of the patient to discover any immediate life- or limb threatening injuries

Based on the ABC’s

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Describe Primary Survey ABC’s

Airway assessment with C-spine control

Breathing assessment

Circulation assessment

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The initial part of the primary survey is to determine what

If the patient is in cardiac arrest

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Cardiac arrest determined by three parts

Not responsive and

Not breathing or having only occasional gasps and

No carotid pulse

basically no ABC’s

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If cardiac arrest is determined

Chest compressions or AED immediately

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Determining cardiac arrest in four steps (ABC’s)

Attempt to communicate with patient-any response?

No response-open airway and check for breathing

No breathing or only occasional gasps-check for carotid pulse

Assess breathing and pulse for 10 seconds

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Checking for breathing

Trauma and non-trauma methods

Trauma-using C-spine control and a jaw thrust

No trauma-head-tilt chin-lift

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Airway assessment

Airway must be opened

Look, listen and feel for breathing

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Aligning the head six parts

Take C-spine control with elbows braced

Explain what is going to be done

Tell patient to report any pain or resistance

Apply a gentle pull in line with the head

Gently realigned to anatomical then neutral

Stop if it resistance is met

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breathing Assessment 3 parts

Rate

Quality

Need for interventions

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Shortness of breath aka

Dyspnea

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Circulatory assessment 4 parts

Determine if the heart is beating

Check for shock

Check for-
Massive external bleeding
Obvious fractures

Determine need for critical interventions

What is blood pressure

The pressure of blood against the walls of the arteries

What are the ABC reassessments

Clear airway

Rate and quality of breathing

I radial pulse, obvious signs of shock

ABC reassessments occur

Every 5 minutes on an RTC patient

Every 10 minutes on a non-RTC patient

Time to complete the primary survey

Not longer than two minutes

however can only be interrupted or extended for critical interventions

Three parts to a secondary survey

Vital signs

History taking

Head to toe examination

Time to complete as secondary survey

Not longer than 10 minutes

for an RTC patient, secondary survey will be done enroute to the hospital

Vital signs

In-depth measurement of the body functions to help determine the overall condition of the patient

Vital signs not required when

If the patient will be returning to work

Vital sign reassessments occur

Every 10 minutes for RTC patients Every 30 minutes for non-RTC patients

Vital signs: list of six

``` Time Respiration Pulse Level of consciousness Pupils Skin ```

What is normal respiration

Between 12 and 20 per minute

What is normal pulse

Between 60 to 80 per minute

Glasgow coma score 3 parts

Eye opening 4 Verbal response 5 Motor response 6 Total of 15

History taking 4 parts

Chief complaint Allergies Medications Past medical history

PPQRRST mnemonic for investigating pain

``` P pain P provoke Q Quality of pain R radiating R relieve the pain S severity 1 to 10 T timing ```

Medication questions five parts

``` Name of drug Dose Frequency Purpose Compliance ```

Head to toe examination three parts

Physical examination Neurological examination Motor and sensory Record all findings

Physical examination investigates two parts

All injuries Limbs circulation

First rule of first aid

Protect yourself first! (ensure that the scene is safe)

You are allowed to let go of C-spine under what condition

In cardiac arrest for chest compressions or AED (said Earl Lowe)

Define agonal respiration

They appear to be breathing but not breathing effectively

In determining cardiac arrest, assessment of breathing and pulse should not exceed how many seconds

10 seconds

In 90% of unconscious airway blockages, the blockages are caused by what

The tongue

A carotid pulse only means the blood pressure is in what range

Between 60 and 90

Purpose of the rapid body survey (RBS)

To look for major bleeding or other gross deformity