Lesson 1 Flashcards
(70 cards)
The study of the structure of the body and its parts ; focuses on the physical components of organisms.
Anatomy
The study of the functions of the body and its parts; examines how the body works and how it maintains life
Physiology
What are the basic life processes?
These processes are essential for the survival and functioning of living organisms.
- Organization
- Metabolism
- Responsiveness
- Movement
- Reproduction
The ability to use energy to perform vital functions such as growth, movement, and reproduction
encompasses all chemical reactions in the body.
Metabolism
The body’s ability to detect and respond to changes.
This includes reactions to environmental stimuli.
Responsiveness
Motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and tiny structures inside cells.
essential for various bodily functions.
Movement
An increase in body size resulting from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both.
a key indicator of development.
Growth
The development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.
allows for the formation of specialized cells with specific functions.
Differentiation
Formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual.
crucial for the continuation of species.
Reproduction
The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body despite fluctuations in the external or internal environment.
vital for optimal functioning of biological systems.
Homeostasis
The standard reference position of the body used to describe the location of structures.
In this position, the body is standing upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.
Anatomical Position
A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
This plane is perpendicular to the median plane.
Coronal (Frontal) Plane
A plane that passes through the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves.
Also known as the median plane.
Sagittal Plane
A plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
This plane is horizontal.
Transverse (Axial) Plane
The angle between parts is decreased.
occurs in joints like the knee and elbow.
Flexion
Extending a joint beyond the straight or neutral position.
This can lead to injury if done excessively.
Hyperextension
Decreasing the angle between the dorsum of the foot and the lower leg.
Dorsiflexion
An outward stress movement of the foot at the ankle joint.
This movement contrasts with inversion.
Eversion
Lateral movement of the arm or leg away from the body.
also applies to fingers and toes.
Abduction
Movement of arm or leg toward the body, drawing toward a center or medial line.
also applies to fingers and toes.
Adduction
A rotational movement of the hand into the anatomic position (palm up).
the opposite of pronation.
Supination
Rotation of the hand into the opposite of the anatomic position (palm down).
important for various hand functions.
Pronation
A movement forward from a normal position.
Protraction
A movement backward or the condition of being drawn back.
Retraction
