Lesson 1

Question 1

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 1

The cell.

Question 2

True or False: All living organisms are composed of cells.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

What are the two main types of cells?

Answer 3

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells lack a ______.

Answer 4

nucleus.

Question 5

Which structure is responsible for controlling what enters and exits the cell?

Answer 5

The cell membrane.

Question 6

What organelle is known as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’?

Answer 6

Mitochondria.

Question 7

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 7

Protein synthesis.

Question 8

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells? A) DNA B) Ribosomes C) Nucleus D) Cell membrane

Answer 8

C) Nucleus.

Question 9

What is the jelly-like substance inside a cell called?

Answer 9

Cytoplasm.

Question 10

True or False: Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

What cellular structure is involved in the production of ATP?

Answer 11

Mitochondria.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The ______ is a double membrane structure that houses the cell’s genetic material.

Answer 12

nucleus.

Question 13

What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 13

Protein and lipid synthesis.

Question 14

Multiple Choice: Which of the following organelles is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances? A) Golgi apparatus B) Smooth ER C) Lysosome D) Nucleus

Answer 14

B) Smooth ER.

Question 15

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 15

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.

Question 16

True or False: Lysosomes contain enzymes for breaking down waste materials.

Answer 16

True.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The ______ is a rigid outer layer that provides support and protection to plant cells.

Answer 17

cell wall.

Question 18

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 18

Photosynthesis.

Question 19

Multiple Choice: Which structure is involved in maintaining the shape of a cell? A) Cytoskeleton B) Nucleus C) Ribosome D) Cell membrane

Answer 19

A) Cytoskeleton.

Question 20

What is the theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 20

Endosymbiotic theory.

Question 21

True or False: Cells can only arise from pre-existing cells.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

What is the main purpose of cell division?

Answer 22

Growth, repair, and reproduction.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The process by which cells take in materials is called ______.

Answer 23

endocytosis.

Question 24

What are the two main processes of cell division?

Answer 24

Mitosis and meiosis.

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids? A) Prophase B) Metaphase C) Anaphase D) Telophase

Answer 25

C) Anaphase.

Question 26

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

Answer 26

It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 27

True or False: All cells have a cell wall.

Answer 27

False.

Question 28

What is the process by which cells release energy from glucose called?

Answer 28

Cellular respiration.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The ______ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.

Answer 29

cytoskeleton.

Question 30

What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?

Answer 30

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts.

Question 31

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of all living cells? A) Ability to photosynthesize B) Ability to reproduce C) Ability to move D) All of the above

Answer 31

B) Ability to reproduce.

Question 32

What is the significance of stem cells?

Answer 32

They have the potential to develop into different cell types.

Question 33

What is the primordial soup theory?

Answer 33

The theory that life began in a watery environment where organic compounds formed spontaneously.

Question 34

True or False: Life on Earth is believed to have originated from extraterrestrial sources.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What are extremophiles?

Answer 35

Organisms that thrive in extreme environmental conditions, possibly resembling early Earth conditions.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The Miller-Urey experiment simulated early Earth conditions to test the hypothesis of abiogenesis, producing _____ amino acids.

Answer 36

simple

Question 37

What is abiogenesis?

Answer 37

The process by which life arises naturally from non-living matter.

Question 38

Which gas was likely abundant in Earth's early atmosphere?

Answer 38

Methane

Question 39

What is the significance of ribozymes in the origin of life?

Answer 39

Ribozymes are RNA molecules that can catalyze chemical reactions, suggesting RNA could have played a key role in early life.

Question 40

True or False: The first living organisms on Earth are thought to be complex multicellular organisms.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

What role do hydrothermal vents play in theories of the origin of life?

Answer 41

They provide a unique environment with heat and minerals that may have facilitated the formation of organic compounds.

Question 42

What is the RNA world hypothesis?

Answer 42

The hypothesis that self-replicating ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules were precursors to current life.

Question 43

Which element is essential for the formation of organic molecules?

Answer 43

Carbon

Question 44

Fill in the blank: The first forms of life were likely _____ that could survive on simple organic compounds.

Answer 44

prokaryotes

Question 45

What does the term 'endosymbiotic theory' refer to?

Answer 45

The theory that some organelles in eukaryotic cells originated as free-living prokaryotes that entered into a symbiotic relationship.

Question 46

True or False: All life on Earth shares a common ancestor.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What is the significance of fossil evidence in understanding the origin of life?

Answer 47

Fossils provide insight into early life forms and the conditions they lived in.

Question 48

What are stromatolites?

Answer 48

Layered structures created by the activity of microbial mats, providing evidence of early life.

Question 49

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a proposed mechanism for the origin of life? A) Panspermia B) Spontaneous generation C) Hydrothermal synthesis

Answer 49

B) Spontaneous generation

Question 50

What role did ultraviolet (UV) radiation play in early life formation?

Answer 50

UV radiation may have provided energy to drive chemical reactions leading to the formation of organic molecules.

Question 51

Fill in the blank: The 'Great Oxidation Event' refers to the period when _____ levels increased dramatically in Earth's atmosphere.

Answer 51

oxygen

Question 52

What is the significance of the Cambrian explosion?

Answer 52

It marks a period of rapid diversification of life and the emergence of most major animal phyla.

Question 53

True or False: The conditions on early Earth were similar to those found in modern environments.

Answer 53

False

Question 54

What is a common feature of the earliest known life forms?

Answer 54

They were unicellular and prokaryotic.

Question 55

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and the emergence of aerobic life?

Answer 55

Photosynthesis produced oxygen, which allowed for the evolution of aerobic organisms.

Question 56

Multiple Choice: Which process is believed to have contributed to the complexity of early life? A) Natural selection B) Genetic drift C) Both A and B

Answer 56

C) Both A and B

Question 57

What are protocells?

Answer 57

Simple, membrane-bound structures that may have been precursors to true living cells.