lesson 1-2 Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

is the application of science and math to solve complex
problems.

Engineering

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figure out how things work and find practical uses for scientific
discoveries.

Engineers

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The Fields of Engineering

Research
Design and development
Testing
Manufacturing
Construction
Sales
Consulting
Government
Teaching
Management
Etc

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The process of deciding the best way to use an organization’s resources to
produce goods or provide services.

Good decisions, communicate well with people, make work assignments,
delegate, plan, train people, motivate people, appraise employee’s job
performance

MANAGEMENT

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is a specialized form of management
required to successfully lead engineering or technical personnel and
projects and applies to either functional management or project
management.

Engineering management

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Refers to the activity combining technical ability to organize and coordinate
worker power, materials, machinery and money

Engineering management

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use their training and experience to coach, mentor
and motivate technical professionals.

Engineering managers

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LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT

Top-Level/Senior
Middle-Level
Lower-Level/Supervisory

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chairperson of the board, CEO,
COO, VPs. Set goals and objectives, set actions to
meet, decides how to use resources

Top-Level/Senior

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Dept head, Managers. Set goals for
specific areas, decides what employees in each area must do

Middle-Level

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Team Lead, supervisor.
Make sure that the day to day operations of the
organizations run smoothly

Lower-Level/Supervisory

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3 Types of Managerial Skills

Technical skills
Conceptual skills
Human or interpersonal management skills

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As the name of these skills tells us, they give the manager knowledge and ability
to use different techniques to achieve what they want to achieve.

Technical skills

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_______ skills are most important for first-level managers. When it comes to top
managers, these skills are not something with a high significance level.

Technical skills

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_________ skills present knowledge or ability of a manager for more abstract
thinking. That means he can easily see the whole through analysis and diagnosis of different states. In such a way they can predict the future of the business or department as a whole

Conceptual skills

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are vital for top managers, less critical for mid-level managers
and not required for first-level managers. As we go from the bottom of the
managerial hierarchy to the top, the importance of these skills will rise.

Conceptual skills

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____________________ skills present a manager’s knowledge and ability to work with people. One of the most critical management tasks is to work with people. Without people, there will not be a need for the existence of
management and managers

Human or interpersonal management skills

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These skills enable managers to become leaders and motivate employees for
better accomplishments. Additionally, they help them to make more effective use of human potential in the company. Simply, they are essential skills for all
hierarchical levels in the company.

Human or interpersonal managerial skills

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Management Process

Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Leading
Controlling

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process of deciding what objectives to pursue during a future period
and what to do to achieve those objectives

Planning

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grouping activities. Assigning activities and providing authority
necessary to carry out the activity

Organizing

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determining human resource needs and recruiting, selecting, training
and developing human resources

Staffing

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directing and channeling human behavior toward the
accomplishment of objectives

Leading

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measuring performance against objectives, determining the
causes of deviations and taking corrective actions where necessary

Controlling

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Engineering Manager’s Responsibilities

* Proposing and managing budgets for projects. * Supervising the work of multiple teams. * Planning and executing strategies for completing projects on time. * Research and develop designs and products. * Determining the need for training and talent development. * Hiring contractors and building teams. * Ensuring products have the support of upper management. * Providing clear and concise instructions to engineering teams

Engineering Manager’s Requirements

* Proven work experience as an Engineering Manager or similar role * Analytical skills for evaluating information carefully and solving complex problems * Communication skills for overseeing staff and working with other management personnel * Detail-oriented with the ability to catch minor errors which can result in major problems * Math skills, including calculus and other advanced mathematics * Organizational skills for keeping track of various budgets, employees, and schedules simultaneously * Relevant training and/or certifications as an Engineering Manager

Management Roles (as per MINTZBERG’s Research)

Good managers understand the importance of the many roles they must play.

Managerial Roles

Interpersonal Roles Informational Roles Decisional Roles

Interpersonal Roles

Figurehead Leader Liaison

role where the manager performs symbolic duties as head of organization

figurehead

role where he or she establishes the work atmosphere and motivates subordinates to act

leader

role where the manager develops and maintains networks of contacts outside the organization.

liaison

Informational Roles

monitor role disseminator spokesperson

role where the manager collects all types of information relevant and useful to the organization.

monitor role

role where the manager gives other people the information they need to make decisions

disseminator

role where the manager transmits information to the outside word.

spokesperson

Decisional Roles

entrepreneur disturbance handler resource allocator negotiator

role where the manager initiates controlled change in the organization to adopt to the changing environment.

entrepreneur

where the manager deals with unexpected changes.

disturbance handler

role where the manager makes decisions on the use of organizational resources

resource allocator

role where the manager deals with other individuals and organization.

negotiator

Management Agreement

* As a manager, you will be expected to set the standard for your department and model the behavior you expect from your people. * To pursue the fulfilling and rewarding (both professionally and financially) job of a manager, you have to be willing to abide by this management agreement.] * “with power comes responsibility” and the responsibilities of a manager can and will prevent you from doing the things that you normally prefer to do.

is choosing a course of action after considering different options to accomplish an organization’s goals. Management involves problem-solving, budgeting, coaching, planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling.

Management decision-making

is the responsibility of the engineering manager. It is understandable for managers to make wrong decisions at times. The wise manager will correct them as soon as they are identified. The bigger the issue is the manager who cannot or does not want to make decisions.

Decision-making

Decision Making Process

Step 1: Identify the decision Step 2: Gather relevant information Step 3: Identify the alternatives Step 4: Weigh the evidence Step 5: Choose among alternatives Step 6: Take action Step 7: Review your decision and its consequences

Define the problem and determine if a decision is required.

Identify the decision

This step involves gathering internal and external data. Gather internal information with self assessment and consider your motivations. Capture external information from colleagues, online, books, and other resources.

Step 2: Gather relevant information

Identify and list all possible courses of action as they arise.

Step 3: Identify the alternatives

Visualize the possible consequences of taking each course of action, drawing on your information and emotions. Consider if the situation in Step 1 would be addressed or solved with each alternative. Rank your possible decisions based upon your value system.

Step 4: Weigh the evidence

Select the best course of action to take. It may even be a combination of other options.

Step 5: Choose among alternatives

Implement your decision.

Step 6: Take action

Last, evaluate the results of your decision and determine if it addressed the issue identified in Step 1

Step 7: Review your decision and its consequences

Approaches to Solving Problems

Qualitative evaluation Quantitative evaluation

refers to the evaluation of alternatives using intuition and subjective judgement.

Qualitative evaluation

It is stated that managers tend to use the qualitative approach when:

* The problem is simple. * The problem is familiar. * The costs involved are not great. * Immediate decisions are needed

refers to the alternatives using any technique in a group classified as rational and analytical.

Quantitative evaluation

Quantitative Models for Decision-Making

Inventory models Queuing theory Network models Forecasting Regression analysis Simulation Linear programming Sampling theory Statistical Decision-theory

consists of several types all designed to help the engineer manager make decisions regarding inventory. They are asfollows: * Economic order quantity model - this one is used to calculate the number of items that should be ordered at one time to minimize the total yearly cost of placing orders and carrying the items in inventory. * Production order quantity model - this is an economic order quantity technique applied to production orders. * Back order inventory model- this is an inventory model used for planned shortages. * Quantity discount model - an inventory model used to minimize the total cost when quantity discounts are offered by suppliers.

Inventory models

s one that describes how to determine the number of service units that will minimize both customers’ waiting for time and cost of service. The ______ is applicable to companies where waiting lines are common situations.

Queuing theory

These are models where large complex tasks are broken into smaller segments that can be managed independently. The two most prominent network models are: * The program evaluation review technique - a technique which enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects by employing three time estimates for each activity. * The critical path method- this is a network technique using only one time factor per activity that enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects.

Network models

there are instances when engineer managers make decisions that will have implications in the future

Forecasting

is a forecasting method that examines the association between two or more variables. It uses date from previous period to predict future events. _________________ may be simple or multiple depending on the number of independent variables presents. When one independent variable is involved, it is called simple regression, when two or more independent variables are involved, it us called multiple regression.

Regression analysis

is a model constructed to represent reality, on which conclusions about real-life problems can be used. It is a highly sophisticated tool by means of which the decision maker develops a mathematical model of the system under consideration.

Simulation

is a quantitative technique that is used to produce an optimum solution within the bounds imposed by constraints upon the decision. _____________ is very useful as a decision making tool when supply and demand limitations at plants, warehouse, or market areas are constraints upon the system.

Linear programming

s a quantitative technique where samples of populations are statistically determined to be used for a number of processes, such as quality control and marketing research. When data gathering is expensive, sampling provides an alternative. Sampling, in effect, saves time and money

Sampling theory

refers to the "rational way to conceptualize, analyze, and solve problems in situations involving limited, or partial information about the decision environment."

Statistical Decision-theory