Motivation Flashcards
(47 cards)
The processes that account for an individual’s
intensity, direction, and persistence of effort
toward achieving a goal.
Motivation
How hard an
individual tries.
Intensity
Goals should benefit the
organization,
quality of effort given.
Direction
How long one can
maintain his/her
efforts toward a goal
Persistence
is not directly observable (it varies
from individual to individual), as it is
personal (what is arousing differs and
how behavior is directed is often
different), however the process is
common and it is goal directed.
Motivation
refers to the act of giving employees reasons or incentives to work to achieve organizational objectives
Motivating in Engineering Management
MOTIVATING SPECIFIES THREE STAGES:
activating
sustaining
directing
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO MOTIVATION
- WILLINGNESS TO DO A JOB
- SELF – CONFIDENCE IN CARRYING OUT A TASK
- NEEDS SATISFACTION
People who like what they are doing and are passionate are highly motivated to produce the expected output.
- WILLINGNESS TO DO A JOB
When employees feel that they have the required skill and training to perform a task, the more motivated they become.
- SELF – CONFIDENCE IN CARRYING OUT A TASK
People will do their job well if they feel that by doing so, their needs will be fulfilled and satisfied.
- NEEDS SATISFACTION
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
MASLOW’S NEEDS HIERARCHY THEORY
HERZBERG’S TWO-FACTOR THEORY
EXPECTANCY THEORY
GOAL SETTING THEORY
a psychologist, theorized that human beings have five basic needs which are as follows:
a. Physiological
b. Security
c. Social
d. Esteem
e. Self–Actualization
Abraham Maslow
MASLOW’S NEEDS HIERARCHY THEORY
These are concerned with biological needs like food, drink, rest and sex fall under the category of physiological needs.
These needs take priority over other needs as they are survival and universal needs for the human.
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
After satisfying the physiological needs, people will seek to satisfy their safety needs.
In a chaotic environment, safety enables people to establish stability and regularity.
These needs include freedom from harm coming from the elements or from other people, financial security which may be affected by loss of job or the bread-winner in the family etc.
SECURITY NEEDS
After satisfying his physiological and security needs, the employees will now strive to receive love, affection, and the needs to be accepted by peers.
SOCIAL NEEDS
The fourth level need is called esteem needs and they refer to the needs for a positive self-image and self-respect which results from skill or mastery in a task and the needs to be respected and receive the attention from others.
ESTEEM NEEDS
The fifth and the topmost level needs in the hierarchy are called self-actualization needs and involve realizing our full potential us human beings and becoming all that we are able to be.
SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS
THE RELEVANCE OF MASLOW’S NEEDS HIERARCHY THEORY IN ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
The theory has been largely questioned, one basic premise cannot be discarded: a fulfilled need no longer motivates an individual. If this is the situation the subordinate is in, the engineer manager must identify an unfulfilled need and work out a scheme so that the subordinate will be motivated to work in order to satisfy the unfulfilled need.
Developed by Frederick Herzberg indicating that satisfied employee is motivated from within to work harder and that a dissatisfied employee is not self-motivated.
He theorized that the satisfaction of employees has had two dimensions which are: “Motivation” and “Hygiene”
HERZBERG’S TWO-FACTOR THEORY
Herzberg found that satisfied employees mentioned the following factors (called _______) responsible for job satisfaction; achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth.
satisfier or motivational factors
Dissatisfied employees mentioned the following factors (called __________) as responsible for job dissatisfaction company policy and administrator suspension, relationship with peers, personal life, and relationship with subordinate, status and security.
dissatisfaction on hygiene factors
Motivational model based on the assumption that an individual will work depending on his perception of the probability of his expectations to happen.
The theory possesses the idea that motivation is determined by expectancies and valences.
EXPECTANCY THEORY
______ is a belief about the likelihood or probability that a particular behavioral act will lead to a particular outcome like promotion.
Expectancy
