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COMD 3100 > lesson 1 > Flashcards

lesson 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

anatomical position

A

the body is erect and the palms and arms face forward

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2
Q

axis

A

line running through the center

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3
Q

anatomy

A

The study of organism structure and the relations of their parts

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4
Q

physiology

A

the study of the function of the living organisms and their parts

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5
Q

physics

A

a branch of natural science that deals with ENERGY,MOTION & FORCE of a particular system

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6
Q

plane

A

flat or fairly smooth

surface

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7
Q

frontal plane (coronal)

A

divides body into FRONT and BACK halves

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8
Q

transverse plane

A

divides body into UPPER & LOWER portions

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9
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides body into RIGHT & LEFT parts

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10
Q

anterior or ventral

A

towards the FRONT

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11
Q

posterior or dorsal

A

toward the BACK

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12
Q

lateral

A

toward the SIDE

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13
Q

medial

A

toward the MIDLINE

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14
Q

superior, rostral or cranial

A

ABOVE or toward the HEAD

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15
Q

inferior or caudal

A

BELOW or toward TAIL (end)

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16
Q

proximal

A

NEARER to a point of reference

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17
Q

distal

A

FARTHER from a point of reference

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18
Q

abduct

A

move AWAY from midline

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19
Q

adduct

A

move TOWARD the midline

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20
Q

superficial

A

toward the SURFACE (whitehead pimple)

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21
Q

deep

A

toward the central axis or further from the surface

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22
Q

central

A

toward the CENTER

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23
Q

peripheral

A

AWAY from the center of the body

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24
Q

prone

A

lying on BELLY or face DOWN

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25
supine
lying on the BACK or face UP
26
flexion
BENDING at a joint usually ventral (front) direction
27
extension
the opposite of flexion, pulling two ends FARTHER apart
28
hypertension or dorsiflexion
when extension continues to the point where the dorsal surfaces approach each other
29
axial skeleton
head and trunk
30
appendicular skeleton
lower and upper limbs (arms & legs)
31
regions of body
- thorax - abdomen - trunk - pelvis - skull - upper extremity - lower extremity
32
thorax (region of body)
chest region
33
abdomen (region of body)
belly or abdominal area
34
trunk (region of body)
made up of the thorax and abdomen
35
pelvis (region of body)
area of the hip bones
36
skull (region of body)
1. cranium - houses the brain & its components | 2. facial portion - houses mouth,pharynx,nasal cavity
37
upper extremity (region of body)
- arm - forearm - wrist - hand
38
lower extremity (region of body)
- thigh - leg - ankle - foot
39
building blocks of anatomy
1. cells 2. tissues 3. organs 4. systems
40
cells (building blocks of anatomy)
the basic structural and functional units of all organisms
41
tissues (building blocks of anatomy)
when groups of cells combine or associate together to exhibit functional unity
42
types of tissues
epithelial connective muscle neural
43
epithelial tissue- FUNCTION
provides a protective lining for the surface of the body and internal surfaces of cavities of the body
44
epithelial tissues- PROPERTIES
- single layer of cells (simple) - multiple layers of cells (stratified or compound) - may have cilia - very little matrix
45
types of epithelial tissues
- epithelial proper - endothelial - mesothelial
46
Epithelial proper (epithelial tissues)
-skin (epidermis) & internal membranes that line the digestive, respiratory,urinary and reproductive tracts
47
endothelial (epithelial tissues )
linings of blood & lymph vessels
48
mesothelial (epithelial tissues )
lines internal body cavities (pericardial [heart], pleural [lungs], peritoneal [abdomen])
49
connection tissues- FUNCTION
support and connect other tissues
50
connective tissue- PROPERTIES
1. fewer cells 2. matrix - protein fibers (collagen) - fluid
51
types of connective tissues
- loose connective tissues - dense connective tissue - specialized tissue
52
loose connective tissue
- areolar tissue - adipose tissue - lymphoid tissue
53
areolar tissue- (loose connective tissue)
forms the bed of the skin
54
adipose tissue -(loose connective tissue )
contains fat storing cells, provides protection,insulation and fuel storage
55
lymphoid tissue - (loose connective tissue )
tissue in tonsils, adenoid, and lymph nodes
56
dense connective tissues
- tendons - ligaments - fascia
57
tendons - (dense connective tissues)
- tough, non elastic cords | - attach muscles to bone, muscles to cartilage or muscles to muscles
58
ligaments - (dense connective tissues )
- some elasticity that tie structures together - skeletal ligaments join bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage - visceral ligaments tie organs together and keep them in place
59
fascia - (dense connective tissues)
separates muscles into functional groups
60
specialized tissue
- cartilage - blood - bone
61
Cartilage
- hyaline - elastic - fibrocartilage
62
Hyaline (Cartilage)
- bluish (white translucent) - strong support w/ flexibility - smooth - ribs, larynx, trachea,bronchial passageways,nose
63
Elastic (cartilage)
- Yellow and opaque - very flexible - outer ear, epiglottis, small cartilage of the larynx
64
fibrocartilage (cartilage)
- dense and white - support weight, shock absorber and cushion - interverebral discs, temporomandibular joint
65
blood (special tissue)
- does not contain fiber in matrix - plasma is the fluid component (matrix) of blood - red blood cells,white blood cells & platelets are suspended in matrix - transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other signaling molecules - removes waste
66
bone (special tissue)
- provides framework for other tissues in body | - matrix is intermixed with mineral that give it rigidity and hardness
67
types of bone tissue
- compact | - spongy
68
compact (bone tissue)
- dense - smooth white appearance - surrounded by fibrous membrane (periosteum)
69
spongy (bone tissue)
- more porous - usually found toward the end of bones - has marrow that makes blood cells and platelets
70
articulation (connecting connective tissues)
-a joint or juncture between bones or cartilages
71
joints (connecting connective tissues)
- connection between bones or cartilage - diarthrodial - amphiarthrodial - synarthrodial
72
diarthrodial (joint)
- high mobility - synovial * hinge * pivot * ball and socket * saddle * ellipsoid (condyloid) * plane
73
hinge (synovial dia joint)
elbow & knee
74
pivot (synovial dia joint)
atlas (C1) & axis (C2)
75
ball & socket (synovial dia joint)
hip and shoulder
76
saddle (synovial dia joint)
metacarpal joint
77
ellipsoid (synovial dia joint)
- condyloid | - temporomandibular joint
78
plane (synovial dia joint)
- gliding | - costovertebral joint
79
amphiarthrodial (joint)
- limited mobility - cartilaginous connective tissue joint * pelvic symphysis and costal cartilages (ribs)
80
synarthrodial (joint)
- no mobility - connects bones fibrous connective tissue * cranial structures
81
muscle tissue - TYPES
- cardiac - smooth - striated
82
cardiac (muscle)
- found only in heart | - controlled but the autonomic or involuntary nervous system
83
smooth (muscle)
- found in digestive tract & blood vessels | - controlled by the autonomic or involuntary nervous system
84
striated (muscle)
- aka skeletal muscle because it connects skeletal framework - has a striped appearance - controlled by the somatic (voluntary) nervous
85
muscles function
- can only actively shorten (contraction) | - contract only in a straight line (except sphincter muscles)
86
muscle points of attatchement
- ORIGIN- least mobile point of attachment | - INSERTION- point of attachment that moves when a muscle is contracted
87
neural tissue- FUNCTION
specialized to transmit information
88
neural tissue- COMPONENTS
- NEURONS (nerve cells)- transmit info from neuron to neuron | - GLIAL cells- support and provide nutrients to the neurons
89
organs
collections of tissues associated together for a particular function
90
systems
when two or more organs combine or associate together for a particular function
91
systems of verbal communication (human communication system)
- PRANA - Phonatory system - Respiratory system - Articulation,resonance, deglutition systems - Nervous system - Auditory system

COMD 3100 (5 decks)

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