Lesson 1: Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method Flashcards
(45 cards)
research about the
psychological processes underlying the behavior
psychological science
comes from the Latin word Scientia, means knowledge
- has two meanings – content and process.
Science
is the scientific techniques
used to collect and evaluate psychological
data.
Methodology
are the facts and figures gathered in research studies.
Data
psychology examines relationships between human behavior
and the mind. is centered on fact-based, scientific
research and experimentation.
Experimental Psychology
method of studying psychological phenomena
and processes.
Experimental Psychology
According to the American Psychological Association (APA),
experimental psychologists they seek what?
seek to understand which factors
influence human behavior, experiences and thought processes.
The Need for Scientific
Methodology: is a nonscientific data gathering that shapes our expectations and beliefs and directs our behavior toward others.
Commonsense Psychology
beliefs about behavior are
derived from data we collect from our own experience and what we have learned from others.
Commonsense Psychology
________ we draw from them are subject to a number of inherent tendencies, or biases,
that limit their accuracy and usefulness and
often can be _____ and ____..
Conclusion, unreliable and imperfect
is a tendency to accept evidence that confirms our beliefs and to reject evidence that contradicts them.
“Beliefs shape expectations, which in turn shape perceptions, which then shape conclusions”.
Conformation bias
Research has shown that we are
more likely to believe information if it comes from certain kinds of individuals:
Popular
Attractive
High in status
Expert
Highly confident
It can be thought of as a
relatively stable characteristic
that causes individuals to behave
in certain ways.
Traits
According to their theory, three types of traits govern our personality. They named these three categories of traits as
cardinal traits, central
traits, and secondary traits.
These are the dominant traits of one’s personality. They stand at the top of Allport’s trait
hierarchy. These traits are the master controller of one’s personality.
Cardinal Traits
They come second in the hierarchy. According to Allport, every person possesses 5-10 central traits in varying degrees. These are also called the
building block`s of personality.
Central traits
These traits are less generalized, less consistent, and less relevant as compared to cardinal or central traits.These are situational or circumstantial
traits.
Secondary Traits
(1.The Scientific Mentality)
Psychologists’ goal of
prediction .Behavior must follow a
natural order, therefore, it can be
predicted.
Assumption
(1.The Scientific Mentality)
It is in philosophy, theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by
previously existing causes.
Determinism
(2. Gathering Empirical Data)
data that are observable or experienced
can be verified or disproved through investigation
Empirical data
(3.Seeking General Principles)
when principles have the generality to apply to all situations
Laws
(3.Seeking General Principles)
is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon
has two key components:
1.It must describe a behavior and
2.Make predictions about future behaviors.
Theory
(3.Seeking General Principles)
a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables
a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in your study.
Hypothesis
Organized rational thought, characterized by open mindedness, objectivity, and parsimony; a principal tool of the scientific method
It is the central feature of the scientific method
4.Good Thinking
