Lesson 4 Flashcards

(62 cards)

1
Q

allows us to gather data about experiences, feelings, thoughts and motives that are hard to
observe and allow us to gather large amount of data efficiently.

A

Survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is defined as the process of conducting research using surveys

A

Survey Research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Survey research methods can be derived on the basis of two critical factors:

A

Survey research tool and time
involved for conducting research.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

advantages of the survey approach?

A

*efficiently collect large amounts of data.
*Anonymous surveys can increase the accuracy
*allow us to draw inferences about the causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the most important limitation of the survey approach?

A

does not allow us to test hypotheses about causal relationships cause we can’t manipulate independent variable and control extraneous v

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

*survey research is one of the most popular survey research methods
*responses gathered are highly accurate
*less cost
*response rates are lower
compared to the other mediums.

A

Online Survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

*research conducted over phone can be useful in collecting data from a larger section of the
target population
*money invested high
*time required will be higher.

A

Phone Survey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

*a complicated problem to solve,
*response rate highest
*extremely expensive.

A

Face to face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • same group over a continuum of time (years decade)
A

Longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

*not same group, but same time interval

A

Cross-Sectional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Processes in implementing survey research

A

1.Decide survey questions:
2.Finalize a target audience:
3.Send out surveys via decided mediums:
4.Analyze survey results:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Questions that need to be on your mind while
designing a survey are:

A

1.plan to utilize the collected survey data?
2.type of decisions you plan to take on
3.Understand respondent behavior to get solutions
Present a medium for discussion:
Strategy for never-ending improvements:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

answered by limited numbers of alternatives.

A

Closed questions (structured questions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

solicit information about opinions and feelings.

A

Open-ended questions (open questions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

*coding behaviors using systematic observational techniques.
*to categories that are created from the data

A

Content Analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

three concerns when constructing questions?

A

1.simple and unambiguous, and avoid double negatives.
2.Avoid double-barreled (compound) questions
3.Use exhaustive response choices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the kind of scale used to measure responses.

A

level of measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

measurement scales are four in number:

A

nominal scale, ordinal scale, interval scale, and ratio scale.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

refers to the assignment of numbers to the values of each variable in a data set.

A

Identity (Label)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

They are usually represented on the scale in ascending or descending order.

A

Magnitude (Meaningful Order)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

means that the scale has a standardized order.

A

Equal intervals (Measurable differences)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

that there is an existence of zero on the scale,

A

Absolute zero (True Zero Starting Point)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

simplest level of measurement, lowest level
of measurement and used for identification
purposes.

A

Nominal Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

rank ordering of response items., ascending or descending order, median and mode and sounds similar to ‘Order’,

A

Ordinal Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
measures magnitude or quantitative size using measures with equal intervals between values and Mean, median, or mode
Interval Scale
26
highest level of measurement which has equal intervals between all values and a true zero point. and data is quantitative in nature
Ratio Scale
27
are tendencies to respond questions or test items in specific ways, regardless of the content.
Response Style
28
People differ in their willingness to answer questions they are unsure about.
Willingness to answer
29
questions are multiple-choice, response can influence the selection of answers.
Position of preference
30
plain meaning of the words printed on the page.
Manifest Content
31
is answering questions positively regardless of their content,
yea-saying
32
is answering questions negatively regardless of their content,
nay-saying
33
are changes in question interpretation due to their position within a survey. This problem is especially likely when two questions are related and not separated by buffer items
Context effects
34
is defined as the resultant data that is collected from a sample of respondents that took a survey.
Survey data
35
refers to a questionnaire that has been designed specifically to be completed by a respondent without intervention of the researchers
(SAQ) Self-Administered Questionnaires (SAQ)
36
researchers can use to answer questions from a sample of the population.
Mail survey
37
surveys that sample respondents via the Internet, gather data from respondents via the Internet, or both.
Internet Survey
38
most cost-effective and can reach the maximum number of people in comparison to the other mediums.
Online survey
39
*the most widely used method for conducting survey research. *much lesser investment
Telephone survey*
40
*conducted in conjunction with a landline survey to improve coverage. *the costs are substantially higher than for a traditional landline or telephone survey.
Cellphone survey
41
best ways to gather high quality survey data is to conduct face to face interviews, but in terms of timed and money, this is the most expensive method for collecting survey data.
Interviews
42
type of interview in which the researcher asks a set of premeditated questions in order to gather information about the research subjects. It is also known as a standardized interview or a researcher-administered interview,
Structured interview
43
are used to collect information with regards to the quantity or numerical value of the research subjects. It outlines events, behaviors, procedures, and guidelines for conducting the interview and recording the information collected to serve as the research
Unstructured interview
44
is another face-to-face technique used less often for collecting data about a particular topic.
Focus group
45
typically interactive group settings, held in a neutral place where your customers can feel comfortable telling you what they really think and are facilitated by a trained moderator.
Focus group
46
is the extent to which the survey is consistent and repeatable.
Reliability
47
the extent to which the survey actually measures the intended topic.
Validity
48
is a statistical procedure that is concerned with the selection of the individual observation; it helps us to make statistical inferences about the population.
Sampling Technique
49
a technique of selecting individual members
Sampling
50
is a sampling technique where a researcher sets a selection of a few criteria and chooses members of a population randomly.
Probability Sampling
51
There are four types of probability sampling techniques:
Simple random Systematic sampling stratifies sampling cluster sampling
52
most basic form of probability sampling is the simple random sample, in which a portion of the whole population is selected in unbiased way.
Simple random
53
choose the sample members of a population at regular intervals.
Systematic sampling
54
method in which the researcher divides the population into smaller groups that don’t overlap but represent the entire population.
Stratified random sampling
55
researchers divide the entire population into sections or clusters that represent a population. based on demographic profile like age, sex, location, etc.
Cluster sampling
56
Uses of probability sampling
Reduce Sample Bias: Diverse Population: Create an Accurate Sample:
57
Four types of non-probability sampling
Convenience sampling: Purposive sampling: Snowball sampling: Quota sampling:
58
dependent on the ease of access to subjects such as surveying customers at a mall or passers-by on a busy street.
Convenience sampling
59
are formed by the discretion of the researcher. Researchers purely consider the purpose of the study, along with the understanding of the target audience.
Purposive sampling
60
apply when the subjects are difficult to trace, example: surveys to gather information about HIV Aids.
Snowball sampling
61
the selection of members in this sampling technique happens based on a pre-set standard. In this case, as a sample is formed based on specific attributes,
Quota sampling
62
Uses of non-probability sampling
Create a hypothesis: Exploratory research: Budget and time constraints: