Lesson 1 (Unit 1) study guide

Question 1

What is the definition of anatomy?

Answer 1

Anatomy is the study of structures.

Question 2

What is the definition of physiology?

Answer 2

Physiology is the study of function.

Question 3

What is gross anatomy?

Answer 3

Gross anatomy is the study of large structures in the body.

Question 4

What is microscopic anatomy?

Answer 4

Microscopic anatomy is the study of very small structures using a microscope.

Question 5

List the 6 levels of structural organization of the body.

Answer 5

• Chemical
• Cellular Level
• Tissue
• Organ Level
• Organ System
• Organismal Level

Question 6

What is the function of the integumentary system? (think skin!)

Answer 6

Protects the body.

Question 7

What is the function of the skeletal system?

Answer 7

Support and structure.

Question 8

What are the functions of the muscular system?

Answer 8

• Movement
  -smooth muscle: blood
  -Skeletal muscle: larger organs movement
• Temperature regulation via shivering.

Question 9

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 9

Important for regulating other systems and communication.

Question 10

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 10

Communication and control by secretion of hormones.

Question 11

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 11

Blood circulation and oxygen transport.

Question 12

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 12

Important for defense mechanisms and immune response.

Question 13

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 13

Gas exchange (Oxygen and CO2).

Question 14

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 14

Food intake and breakdown into energy, and nutrients and removal of waste.

Question 15

What is the function of the urinary system?

Answer 15

Removal of waste and balancing electrolytes.

Question 16

What is the function of the reproductive system?

Answer 16

Responsible for regulating reproduction.

Question 17

What is the definition of homeostasis?

Answer 17

The body’s way of trying to maintain a constant environment.

Question 18

What is the definition of set point?

Answer 18

Ranges of certain important functions in the body.

Question 19

List 6 examples of set points mentioned in lesson 1. in relation to homeostasis

Answer 19

1. Glucose Levels – 70-100 mg/dL
2. Temperature – 37°C
3. Calcium Levels – 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL
4. Blood pressure – 120/80 mm Hg
5. pH – 7.35 to 7.45
6. Milliosmolarity – 280-300 mOsm

Question 20

What is the normal range for Glucose levels in the body?

Answer 20

70-100mg/dL

Question 21

What is the normal range for Temperature levels in the body?

Answer 21

37 C

Question 22

What are the 3 components of a negative feedback loop?

Answer 22

1. Sensor
2. Control Center or Integrating Center
3. Effector

Question 23

What is the role of the sensor in a negative feedback loop?

Answer 23

Senses a change and sends information to the control center.

Question 24

What is the role of the control center in a negative feedback loop?

Answer 24

Integrates information about the change and activates the effector if necessary.

Question 25

What is the role of the effector in a negative feedback loop?

Answer 25

The effector responds by causing a change to restore homeostasis/or to default

Question 26

Provide an example of a negative feedback loop ? explain what the sensor, control center and effector would be in this example?

Answer 26

* Sensor: Receptors in our skin and brain sense a a rise in temperature * Control Center: sensor notifies the Temperature regulatory center in the brain which recognizes the change that needs to happen * Effector: control center in brain activate effectors in sweatglands which causes sweating therefore returning body to homeostasis.

Question 27

Provide another example of a negative feedback loop and what the sensor, control center and effector would be

Answer 27

* Sensor: Pancreas senses rise in glucose * Control Center: sensor would prompt integrating center in Pancreas to release insulin * Effector: control center will prompt pancrease to use insulin to lower blood sugar.

Question 28

What is the difference between a negative and positive feedback loop?

Answer 28

Negative feedback loops avoid deviation from the set point to maintain homeostasis; positive feedback loops embrace deviations to increase change.

Question 29

What is an example of a positive feedback loop discussed in lesson 1?

Answer 29

Childbirth.

Question 30

What is the normal range for Calcium levels in the body?

Answer 30

8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL

Question 31

What is the normal range for Blood pressure levels in the body?

Answer 31

120/80 mm Hg

Question 32

What is the normal range for pH levels in the body?

Answer 32

7.35 to 7.45

Question 33

What is the normal range for milliosmolarity levels in the body?

Answer 33

280-300 mOsm