Lesson 2 (Unit 1).

Question 1

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 1

Produces energy for the cell

Known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Question 2

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 2

Creates protein

Consists of ribosomes.

Question 3

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 3

Creates lipids/fats, steroids, and phospholipids for cell membrane; detoxifies substances

It has no ribosomes.

Question 4

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 4

Modifies proteins

Known as the post office or modifying and packaging center of the cell.

Question 5

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 5

Houses the DNA and some RNA

Known as the brain of the cell.

Question 6

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 6

Support framework of the cell

Made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Question 7

What is the plasma membrane made up of?
What important function does this structure play?

Answer 7

Made up of a phospholipid bilayer

Regulates what can enter or leave the cell.

Question 8

What are the components of a phospholipid?

Answer 8

Hydrophilic phosphate head and 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails

The phospholipid is essential for the structure of the cell membrane.

Question 9

How is the phospholipid bilayer arranged?

Answer 9

Two layers/rows of phospholipids, arranged tail to tail.

Question 10

Where are the hydrophilic heads oriented in the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 10

On the outside, toward the extracellular and intracellular fluid.

Question 11

Where are the hydrophobic tails oriented in the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 11

Toward the inside of the bilayer.

Question 12

What does passive transport describe?

Answer 12

Molecules moving from high concentration to low concentration.

Question 13

Does passive transport require ATP/energy?

Answer 13

No.

Question 14

What is simple diffusion? and what kind of molecules move this way?

Answer 14

Direct diffusion across the bilayer, used for small, nonpolar molecules.

Question 15

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 15

Used for larger and/or charged molecules that need help getting across a membrane.

Question 16

What is osmosis?

Answer 16

Diffusion of water from an area of higher water concentration to lower water concentration.

Question 17

What does active transport describe?

Answer 17

Moving from low concentration to high concentration, against the concentration gradient.

Question 18

Does active transport require ATP/energy?

Answer 18

Yes.

Question 19

What is primary active transport? give an example of this type of transport

Answer 19

Primary active transport requires Energy that comes directly from ATP

Example is the Na+/K+ pump.

Question 20

What is secondary active transport?

Answer 20

Indirectly uses ATP.

Question 21

What are the three forms of endocytosis?

Answer 21

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 22

What is exocytosis?

Answer 22

The process of removing substances out of the cell.

Question 23

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 23

Has a solute concentration higher than another solution.

Question 24

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 24

Has a solute concentration equal to another solution.

Question 25

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 25

Has a solute concentration lower than another solution.

Question 26

In which direction does water like to move in a solution?

Answer 26

Water likes to move from an area of high water concentration and low solute concetration to an area of low water high solute concentration. | in other words, water will always move toward a hypertonic solution.

Question 27

What are the three components of DNA?

Answer 27

Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group.

Question 28

What are the four bases of DNA?

Answer 28

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine.

Question 29

Which bases pair together in DNA?

Answer 29

Adenine binds with Thymine; Guanine binds with Cytosine.

Question 30

What is transcription in relation to DNA?

Answer 30

Process of turning DNA into mRNA in the nucleus.

Question 31

What happens to mRNA after transcription? where does it go and what does it find?

Answer 31

It leaves the nucleus and finds a ribosome.

Question 32

After trascription, how does mRNA become a protein? What is this process known as?

Answer 32

mRNA is translated into a protein. through Protein synthesis

Question 33

Where does the protein go after synthesis? Why does it go there?

Answer 33

To the Golgi apparatus for modification.

Question 34

What happens to the protein when it leaves the golgi apparutus?

Answer 34

It is Packed into vesicles and transported to where it will do its job.

Question 35

What are amino acids?

Answer 35

The building blocks of proteins.

Question 36

What occurs in interphase stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 36

cell grows and performs regular functions. DNA Replication

Question 37

What occurs in the G1 phase of interphase?

Answer 37

The first stage where cell starts to prepare to divide.

Question 38

What happens during the S phase of interphase?

Answer 38

This is the synthesis stage where DNA is replicated.

Question 39

What occurs in the G2 phase of interphase?

Answer 39

this is the final stage before cell division. Cell continues to grow; organelles continue to divide.

Question 40

What is mitosis?

Answer 40

Part of the cell cycle where the cell is actively dividing.

Question 41

What happens during prophase?

Answer 41

This is the first stage of mitosis. nuclear envelope breaks down, Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, spindle fibers begin to form

Question 42

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 42

Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plate, attached to spindle fibers.

Question 43

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 43

This is the 3rd stage of mitosis. Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.

Question 44

What happens during telophase?

Answer 44

4th stage of mitosis. Chromosomes decondense, spindle fibers disappear. nuclear envelopes forms again

Question 45

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 45

Cleavage of the cytoplasm occurs, resulting in two new identical daughter cells.