Lesson 4 (Unit 1)

Question 1

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?

Answer 1

The brain and spine.

Question 2

What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consist of?

Answer 2

The peripheral nerves.

Question 3

What are the two functional branches of the nervous system?

Answer 3

• Somatic nervous system
• Autonomic nervous system

Question 4

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 4

Involved in voluntary movement and conscious perception.

Question 5

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 5

Involved with involuntary control of different internal organs and glands.

Question 6

Where is gray matter found?

Answer 6

At the outer cortex of the brain and inner region of the spinal cord.

Question 7

Where is white matter found?

Answer 7

In the inner region of the brain and outer region of the spinal cord.

Question 8

What is the definition of a nucleus in the nervous system?

Answer 8

A clump/collection of cell bodies or neurons in the Central Nervous System with their own functions.

Question 9

What is the definition of a ganglion?

Answer 9

A collection of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 10

What are the three main structures of a neuron?

Answer 10

• Soma/cell body
• Dendrites
• Axons

Question 11

What is the major function of neurons?

Answer 11

Communication: receiving messages from other neurons and sending messages to other neurons.

Question 12

What is myelin?

Answer 12

A sheath or insulating layer that forms around nerves.

Question 13

What is the function of myelin?

Answer 13

Allows for electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.

Question 14

List the four glial cells in the CNS

Answer 14

• Astrocytes
• Oligodendrocytes
• Microglia cells
• Ependymal cells

Question 15

What is the function of Astrocytes of the CNS?

Answer 15

Create the blood-brain barrier

Question 16

What is the function of Oligodendrocytes of the CNS?

Answer 16

Make Myelin

Question 17

What is the function of microglial Cells of the CNS?

Answer 17

They find and breakdown germs

Question 18

What is the function of Ependymal Cells of the CNS?

Answer 18

Secrete Cerebral spinal fluid

Question 19

List the two glial cells in the PNS and their functions.

Answer 19

• Satellite cells
• Schwann cells

Question 20

What is the function of Satellite Cells of the PNS?

Answer 20

They aid in general supportive functions

Question 21

What is the function of Schwann Cells of the PNS?

Answer 21

Make/produce myelin

Question 22

How do axons with myelin differ from axons without myelin?

Answer 22

Axons with myelin can send electrical impulses faster in comparison to axons without myelin.

Question 23

What do ligand-gated channels require to open?

Answer 23

The binding of a neurotransmitter.

Question 24

What do mechanically gated channels require to open?

Answer 24

A mechanical change.

Question 25

What do voltage-gated channels require to open or close?

Answer 25

A change in charge.

Question 26

What is the resting membrane potential for a cell?

Answer 26

-70 mV.

Question 27

What occurs at -55 mV during an action potential?

Answer 27

It reaches threshold and an action potential will occur.

Question 28

What happens during depolarization?

Answer 28

The cell becomes more positive.

Question 29

What happens during repolarization?

Answer 29

The cell goes back to negative.

Question 30

What is hyperpolarization?

Answer 30

The cell becomes even more negative.

Question 31

What is a synapse?

Answer 31

The connection between a neuron and its target cell.

Question 32

What is propagation in the context of neurons?

Answer 32

The communication between a neuron and target cell.

Question 33

What is the refractory period?

Answer 33

The period during which the cell cannot be stimulated for another action potential.