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Lesson 10 Flashcards

(60 cards)

1
Q

What is Demography

A

The Science of
population

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2
Q

It is the scientific study of the distribution, composition and changes of human populations

A

Demography

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3
Q

Theory - Pre Transition

A

MALTHUSIAN THEORY

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4
Q

Introduced by Thomas Robert Malthus

A

MALTHUSIAN THEORY

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5
Q

A theory that argues that human
population tend to outgrow food supply

A

MALTHUSIAN THEORY

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6
Q

exponential growth

A

Human population

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7
Q

arithmetic growth

A

Food supply

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8
Q

Human population; _____________
_____________ – arithmetic growth

A

exponential growth
Food supply

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9
Q

What theory?

He believed that preventive and
positive checks would control the
population to balance the food
supply with the population level

A

MALTHUSIAN THEORY

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10
Q

natural forces will correct the imbalance between food supply and population.

A

Positive check

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11
Q

Family planning, late marriages, celibacy to correct the imbalance.

A

Preventive check

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12
Q

Demographic Transition Model

The theory states that a
country’s total population
growth rate goes through
cyclical stages as the
country develops
economically

A

It emphasizes the point
that the boost in economy
and industrial growth
directly affect the
population structure of
human beings.

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13
Q

Demographic Transition Model

A

Stage 1- 5

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14
Q

Stage 1

A

Birth and death rates are high.

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15
Q

Stage 2

A

Low death rates; birth rates stay high.

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16
Q

Stage 3

A

Birth rates are decreasing.

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17
Q

Stage 4

A

Low birth and death rates.

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18
Q

Stage 5

A

Elderly population outnumber the youthful population.

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19
Q

Stage __

The condition of the world before the Industrial Revolution where are high making population size stable, disruptions such as wars and pandemics cause occasional declines

A

1

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20
Q

Stage __

The condition in most of the least developed countries today, this stage is marked by low death rates particularly among children while birth rates stay high resulting in accelerated population growth. Examples are Guatemala, Yemen and Afghanistan

A

2

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21
Q

Stage __

True to most developing countries, this is the condition where the birth rates are decreasing because of any or a combination of the following factors: access to contraception, increased participation of women in the workforce and improving economic conditions. The population is still increasing in a slower pace.

A

3

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22
Q

Stage __

This is characterized by low birth and death rates. The economy has attained growth and development, people are educated and enjoy good health and jobs are available for both men and women. This is the condition obtaining in developed countries

A

4

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23
Q

Stage __

Demographic theorists include a possible stage 5 where countries have an elderly population that outnumber the youthful population. This is due to low fertility that has fallen below what is needed to replace the population from generation to generation

A

5

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24
Q

Global Population
2017 population
__% live in Asia
__% in Africa
__% in Europe

A

60% live in Asia
17% in Africa
10% in Europe

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25
Global Population 1950- ___________ 2005- ___________ 2017- __________ 2050-_________
1950- 2 billion 2005- 6.5 billion 2017- 7.6 billion 2050-9.8 billion
26
3 Major Demographic Processes
Birth/ Fertility rate Aging/ Mortality rate Migration
27
refers to the estimate of the average number of children that would be born to a woman in a country during the course of her lifetime, assuming she lives a full and healthy life.
Fertility rate
28
Pre-modern era: fertility rate is ______________. There is population growth despite high mortality rate at a young age
4.5 to 7 children
29
_____: fertility rate remained at more than 5 children/ woman
1965
30
_______ : world fertility rate is below 2.5 children/ woman
2017
31
Top 10 countries with the highest fertility rates(by births per woman) -World Bank 2021(2019 data)
Niger Somalia Congo Mali Chad Angola Burundi Nigeria Gambia Burkina Faso
32
Top 15 Countries with the Lowest Fertility Rates(by births per woman)- Woman Bank 2021(2019 data)
South Korea Puerto Rico Hong Kong Malta Singapore Macau Ukraine Spain Bosnia and Herzegovina San Marino Moldova Italy Andorra Cyprus Luxembourg
33
Reasons for fertility decline:
Women empowerment Technological and economic changes Changing norms Opportunities for family planning Other factors like decrease in fertility and separation of couples.
34
Expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year. Example: 9.5/1000/year.
MORTALITY RATE
35
2012 mortality review :
9.7
36
2016: highest death rate of __________
14.9 in South Africa.
37
Top 10 countries with the HIGHEST death rates(per 1,000 people) UN 2015-2020
Bulgaria Ukraine Latvia Lesotho Lithuania Serbia Croatia Romania Georgina Russia
38
Top 10 Countries with the LOWEST death rates(per 1,000 people) UN 2015-2020
Qatar United Arab Emirates Bahrain Oman Kuwait Maldives Saudi Arabia Palestine Jordan Solomon Islands
39
Mortality Rate - Philippines Highest and Lowest
2021 - 7.3 2018-2020, 2022 - 5.6
40
Reasons for population decline
Population aging Demographic suicide
41
In 2050, there will be twice as many older citizens than children.
Population aging
42
Excess of death over birth.
Demographic suicide
43
Countries experiencing population aging 2022
Japan Italy Finland Puerto Rico Portugal
44
Countries experiencing population aging 2050
Hongkong South Korea Japan Italy Spain
45
Movement of people from one place to another with the purpose of changing residence either temporary or permanently.
Migration
46
Types of migration:
1. Internal migration 2. International migration 2.1 Immigrant 2.2. Emigrant
47
Type of migration: within the country
Internal migration
48
Type of migration: one country to another
International migration
49
Type of migration: enters a country
Immigrant
50
Type of migration: leaves a country.
Emigrant
51
5 Categories of International migration
1. Immigrants who moved permanently to another country. 2. Workers who stay for a fixed period of time. 3. Illegal immigrants 4. Petitioned families 5. Refugees or asylum seekers
52
Top Immigrant Receiving Countries
1. USA 2. Germany 3. Saudi Arabia 4. Russia 5. UAE 6. France 7. Canada 8. Australia
53
Reasons for Migration
Push Factor Pull Factor
54
forces you to leave
Push Factor
55
forces you to stay.
Pull Factor
56
Factor/Variables on Push Factor
Social Factor Political Factor Economic Factor Environmental factor
57
What factor? racism, poor services, abuse and violence.
Social Factor
58
What factor? natural disasters
Environmental factor
59
What factor? job opportunities
Economic Factor
60
What factor? government decisions, war
Political Factor