lesson 11

Question 1

malolactic fermentatin/conversion

Answer 1

winemakers have lactic bacteria (Oenococcus Oeni) convert malic acid into the much softer lactic acid

Question 2

Bacchus/Dionysus return to…

Answer 2

wine and culture

Question 3

expansion of commerce on a large scale

Answer 3

after 1400s “all of Europe drank wine, if only a part of it produced it” ~ F. Braudel Q. in Varriano

Question 4

the score

Answer 4

is from a piece of musci byu court composer Adrian Willert

reads “ he who drinks and does not drink again, know not what drinking is”

Question 5

Arianna

Answer 5

Bacco’s wife

Question 6

main factors of the renaissance of wine

Answer 6

expansion of commerce on a large scale, rediscovery and improvement, return of Bacchus/Dionysis

Question 7

diffusion of printing contributed significantly to the…

Answer 7

spread of science and knowledge

Question 8

what happened in the Rinascimento regarding economy

Answer 8

quick and rapid economic growth accompanied by accumulation of wealthy by middle/upper class merchants and bankers

Question 9

Puzzle jugs

Answer 9

ceramic boccali that could not be used traditionally (often due to hole in the neck but they weren’t all the same) and required to figure it out

common during 15th century as entertainment for meals and remained popular for century

Question 10

what was Titian, Bacchanal of Andrians inspired by

Answer 10

a passage in Philostratus’ Images

Question 11

Philostratus’ Images

Answer 11

a 3rd century account of a picture collection (lost/destroyed) the author saw in a villa near Naples

Dionysus arriving to the isle of Andros (ship in battleground)

Question 12

what does the renaissance follow

Answer 12

middle ages

Question 13

humanism

Answer 13

looking at ancient Greeks and Romans as models

Question 14

what did Lorenzo Il Magnifico do with the arts/culture

Answer 14

one of the most important patrons of the arts/culture of the time (Botticelli, Michelangelo, Leonardo, etc)

Question 15

Canzona di Bacco/Il Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna

Answer 15

most famous of Lorenzo’s carnival songs (canti carnascialeschi)

theme of carpe diem; references to Ancient mythology

Question 16

analysis of Canzona di Bacco/Il Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna

Answer 16

describing triumph; sex; nothing is sure about tomorrow

Question 17

what are the effects of malolactic conversion?

Answer 17

produces effects not just on acidity of wine but also on aromas

Question 18

what natural biological process does malolactic conversion use

Answer 18

deacidication

Question 19

what was the most important/popular ‘book of manners’

Answer 19

Il Cortegiano (The Book of the Courtier)

Question 20

can malolactic conversion be avoided?

Answer 20

yes (to preserve freshness) or interrupted via filtration and/or SO2

Question 21

what is the north-east known for

Answer 21

white but also have red

Question 22

Bacchic imagery…

Answer 22

returns in both literature and visual arts as part of revival of ancient pagan culture

Question 23

what does renaissance mean

Answer 23

re-birth

Question 24

etiquette at court (people close with those in power)

Answer 24

extremely important at Ren courts; good manners could determine success/fail of careers

caused the boom of “books of manners”

Question 25

what does Philostratus' Images include

Answer 25

nymph, the score, 'puer mingens'

Question 26

how is malolactic conversion usually started

Answer 26

can be spontaneous but is usually started by inoculating cultivated bacteria

Question 27

when did the image of Dionysus get lost?

Answer 27

when Christianity -- wasn't persevered because it was inappropriate, etc.

Question 28

whats up with the name malolactice fermentation/conversion

Answer 28

commonly called fermentation (because it produces CO2) but properly speaking it is not because performed by bacteria NOT yeasts

Question 29

noteable grape varieties of the north-east

Answer 29

Friulano, Ribolla Gialla, Verduzzo Friulano, Terodego, Lambrusco

Question 30

boccali

Answer 30

ceramic jugs that wine was served in and them poured into glasses

Question 31

what happed with Lorenzo Il Magnifico and the pope

Answer 31

conflict with Pope Sixtus IV, who promoted an attempted assassination (Pazzi Conspiracy, 1478) and formed a coalition to fight against Florence

Question 32

nymph

Answer 32

in foreground was inspired by similar pictures on Roman sarcophagi

Question 33

Titian, Bacchanal of Andrians, 1518 - 19

Answer 33

commissioned by Alfonso D'Este for Alabaster gallery in his Ducal Palace of Ferrara (now in Prado, Madrid)

Question 34

SO2 (sulfur dioxide/sulfite)

Answer 34

very common additive used for its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties

Question 35

trionfo

Answer 35

a procession led by the god (Dionysus in this case)

Question 36

what are the aromas from malolactic conversion

Answer 36

buttery note due to dyacetil

Question 37

"books of manners"

Answer 37

describes how to behave in highly formal/ritualized courts

Question 38

when and at what time does malolactic conversion take place

Answer 38

around 18 - 20 C and usually at the end of "fermentation proper"

Question 39

Noteable denominations of the North-east

Answer 39

Valpolicella, Soave, COllio/Fiulia Grave, Prosecco, Franciaeota, Trento, Lambrusco

Question 40

what did the economy in Rinascimento lead to

Answer 40

political and institutional experiments (i.e. Republic of Florence) by means of classes who tried to get some power

Question 41

'puer mingens'

Answer 41

peeing child; symbol of lively youth and light humor

Question 42

secular movement

Answer 42

humans being placed in center of picture (anatomical classic drawing)

Question 43

regions in the north-east

Answer 43

Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia; Trentino-Alto Adige; Emilia-Romagna

Question 44

Lorenzo Il Magnifico

Answer 44

banker and signore (ruler) of Florence from 1469 until death --- Golden Age of Florence

Question 45

rediscovery and improvement of

Answer 45

Roman agricultural techniques --> ID of higher quality grape varieties

Question 46

The Rinascimento

Answer 46

Italy was divided into many states

Question 47

why is malolactic fermentation used to convert malic acid into lactic acid

Answer 47

tartaric acid and malic are most abundant acids in grape juice and malic is very harsh

Question 48

did they go back to ceramic containers?

Answer 48

nope :)