Lesson 12: Taking Charge to One's Health

Question 1

what are the factors that affect health

Answer 1

• environment
  -genetics
• relationships with people
• personality

Question 2

It is any demand made by an organism to adapt, cope, or adjust.

Answer 2

stress

Question 3

what are the two sub types of stress

Answer 3

eustress, distress

Question 4

helps us become alert and occupied.

Answer 4

eustress

Question 5

is experienced if stress is intense or prolonged; it can
become a burden, thus, will affect our moods and ability to adjust, impair our ability to experience pleasure, and harm
the body.

Answer 5

distress

Question 6

who is the founder of stress research

Answer 6

Hans Selye

Question 7

Selye’s term, for the common effects on the body when demands are placed on it, is called the

Answer 7

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Question 8

3 stages of GAS

Answer 8

1. Alarm Stage
2. Resistance Stage
3. Exhaustion Stage

Question 9

This is the body’s first reaction to a stressor. It is the temporary state of shock
during which resistance to illness and stress falls below normal limits.

Answer 9

alarm stage

Question 10

Glands throughout the body manufacture different hormones that protect the individual. The body’s immune system can fight off infection with remarkable efficiency.

Answer 10

resistance stage

Question 11

At this point, wear and tear takes its toll- the person might collapse in exhaustion, and vulnerability to disease increases. Seriously, possibly irreversible damage to the body, such as heart attack or even death, may occur

Answer 11

exhaustion stage

Question 12

factors that causes stress

Answer 12

1. Daily Hassles
2. Life changes
3. Conflicts

Question 13

This refers to regularly occurring conditions and experiences that can threaten or harm our well-being.

Answer 13

daily hassles

Question 14

types of daily hassles

Answer 14

1. household hassles
2. health hassles
3. time-pressure hassles
4. environmental hassles
5. inner concern hassles
6. financial responsibility hassles
7. work hassles
8. security hassles

Question 15

preparing meals, shopping, and home maintenance.

Answer 15

household hassles

Question 16

physical illness, concern about medical treatment, and side effects of medication

Answer 16

health hassles

Question 17

having too many things to do and too many responsibilities, and not having enough time

Answer 17

time-pressure hassles

Question 18

crime, neighborhood deterioration, and traffic noise

Answer 18

environmental hassles

Question 19

being socially isolated, lonely

Answer 19

inner concern hassles

Question 20

concern about owing
money such as mortgage payments and loan installments.

Answer 20

financial responsibility hassles

Question 21

job dissatisfaction, not liking one’s duties at work, and problems with co workers

Answer 21

work hassles

Question 22

concerns about job security, terrorism, taxes, property investments, stock market swings, and retirement

Answer 22

security hassles

Question 23

This refer to the opposite of daily hassles. Some examples of uplifts are pleasant family outings, good grades, enjoyable TV shows, and tasty meals.

Answer 23

uplifts

Question 24

Getting a scholarship, graduating from college, marrying the right person, finding a good job, and moving to a better neighborhood require us to adjust. Although variety adds spice to life, too much of it might lead to physical illness.

Answer 24

life changes

Question 25

It is defined as the feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives.

Answer 25

conflict

Question 26

types of conflict

Answer 26

- avoidance-avoidance conflict - approach-avoidance conflict - approach-approach conflict - multiple approach-avoidance conflict

Question 27

Is more stressful because we are motivated to avoid each of the two negative goals, yet avoiding one of them requires approaching the other.

Answer 27

avoidance-avoidance conflict

Question 28

Is experienced when the same goal produces both approach and avoidance motives.

Answer 28

approach-avoidance conflict

Question 29

Considered the least stressful type. Each of the two goals is desirable and both are within reach.

Answer 29

approach-approach conflict

Question 30

It is the most complex form of conflict because each of several alternative courses of action has pluses and minuses. Each alternative has both positive and negative aspects

Answer 30

multiple approach-avoidance conflict

Question 31

who can be stressed?

Answer 31

- The Type A behavior pattern - Type B -Type C - Type D

Question 32

They are like race horses. They are highly driven, competent, impatient, and aggressive - so much that they are prone to getting into vehicle accidents

Answer 32

Type A

Question 33

They are relax more readily and focus more on the quality of life. They are less ambitious and less impatient, and they pace themselves.

Answer 33

Type B

Question 34

They have difficulty expressing emotion and ten to suppress emotions. They tend to display poor health

Answer 34

Type C

Question 35

They are generally distressed, frequently experience negative emotions, and socially inhibited.

Answer 35

Type D

Question 36

Even after adjustment for depression, they face a threefold increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Answer 36

Type D

Question 37

what are the psychological moderators of stress

Answer 37

a. self-efficacy b. sense of humor c. psychological hardiness d. predictability and control e. social support f. emotional support

Question 38

It is the ability to believe in our capacity to make things happen. This kind of ability helps us withstand stress.

Answer 38

self-efficacy

Question 39

Can moderate the effects of stress. Laughter stimulates the output of endorphins, which might enhance the functioning of the immune system.

Answer 39

sense of humor

Question 40

One’s commitment to something or someone that is important to him/her gives his/her life a purpose. Studies show that the degree of control one has over any stressor will influence how difficult the stressor will be for one to cope with. Those who are susceptible to stress tend to perceive difficulties as threats; stress-hardy people perceive such difficulties as a challenge.

Answer 40

psychological hardiness

Question 41

These two abilities will enable us to moderate the impact of stress. Predictability allows us to prepare ourselves for the inevitable while control allows us to feel that we are not at the mercy of the fates

Answer 41

predictability and control

Question 42

Has been considered as a buffer against the effects of stress. It can be given to and received by people through the following aspects: Appraisal is done by giving feedback about how one is doing. This kind of support helps people interpret what happened to them. Socializing can be in a form of initiating simple conversation or going shopping with another person.

Answer 42

social support

Question 43

This aspect can be demonstrated through listening to people’s concerns and expressing feelings of sympathy, caring, understanding, and reassurance.

Answer 43

emotional support

Question 44

what are the stress management strategies

Answer 44

-physical management - behavioral management - cognitive restructuring

Question 45

Structure each day to include a minimum of 20 minutes of aerobic exercise. Eat a balanced meal, avoid caffeine, get enough hours of sleep, take a warm bath or shower, or go for walks.

Answer 45

physical management

Question 46

This type of management can be done through involvement in diversionary activities or direct action taking like positive addiction to cross stitching, gardening, drawing, writing poems, composing songs, etc.

Answer 46

behavioral management

Question 47

Everything that happens to us, whether it stresses us out or not, depends on how we think about that experience.

Answer 47

cognitive restructuring

Question 48

The decision to cope with stress effectively is essential for physical and mental health.

Answer 48

cognitive restructuring

Question 49

It starts with acknowledging the idea that there are people or things that cause us to be stressed out, followed by identifying the sources of our stresses, and culminates by making a conscious effort to cope with stress.

Answer 49

cognitive restructuring