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Lesson 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

It is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.

A

Ecology

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2
Q

It provides the understanding of underlying environmental issues.

A

Ecology

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3
Q

It emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling among various biotic and abiotic components.

A

Ecology

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4
Q

Ecology emphasizes ___________ and ___________among various biotic and abiotic components.

A
  1. energy flow
  2. chemical cycling
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5
Q

It is the interaction between biotic or living organisms and abiotic organisms or non-living organisms.

A

Environment

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6
Q

It means living organisms.

A

biotic

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7
Q

It means non-living organisms.

A

Abiotic

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8
Q

These are humans, animals, and plants.

A

biotic

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9
Q

These are the earth, sun, wind, and water.

A

abiotic

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10
Q

The abiotic factors in the environment can be classified as:

A
  1. Physical
  2. Chemical
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11
Q

Examples of this are energy, light, temperature, and physical habitat.

A

Physical

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12
Q

Examples of this are gases and nutrients.

A

Chemical

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13
Q

What are the life’s different level of organization?

A
  1. Organisms
  2. Species
  3. Population
  4. Community
  5. Ecosystem
  6. Biome
  7. Biosphere
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14
Q

These are group organisms resembling one another in appearance, behavior, and genetic make-up.

A

Species

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15
Q

These are group of individuals belonging to the same species.

A

Population

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16
Q

These are populations of different species interacting in a given area.

A

Community

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17
Q

These are communities and their physical environment considered together.

A

Ecosystem

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18
Q

This is a geographic area that has a particular climate and is home to a particular group of plants and animals that have adapted to that specific moment.

A

Biome

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19
Q

This is the global ecosystem, the sum of all earth’s ecosystems.

A

Biosphere

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20
Q

It comprises of a thin layer of the earth’s surface where life can exist.

A

Biosphere

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21
Q

What are the life’s different level of organization? (Starting from atoms)

A
  1. Atoms
  2. Molecules
  3. Cell
  4. Tissues
  5. Organs
  6. Organ Systems
  7. Multicellular Organisms
  8. Organisms
  9. Population
  10. Community
  11. Ecosystem
  12. Bioes
  13. Biosphere
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22
Q

If an action or policy has a suspected risk of causing harm to the environment, in the absence of scientific consesus that the action or policy is harmful, the burden of proof that it is not harmfull falls on those taking the action.

A

Precautionary Principle

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23
Q

According to the precautionary principle, humans need to be concerned with __________________.

A

how our actions affect the environment.

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24
Q

He is a leader among a generation of scientists-activist.

A

Barry Commoner

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25
He is the greatest environmentalist of the 20th century.
Barry Commoner
26
Who said "no permanent environmental solutions is possible"?
Barry Commoner
27
He was best known for his Four Laws of Ecology.
Barry Commoner
28
What is outlined in the first chapter of "The Closing Circle"
1. Everything is connected to everything else. 2. Everything must go somewhere 3. Nature knows best 4. There is no such thing as free lunch.
29
What are the fields of ecology?
1. Organismal Ecology 2. Population Ecology 3. Community Ecology 4. Ecosystem Ecology 5. Landscape Ecology
30
It studies how an organism's morphology, physiology, and behavior meet the challenges posed by the environment.
Organismal Ecology
31
It studies the factors that affect how many individuals of a particular species can live in an area.
Population Ecology
32
It deals with the whole array of interacting species in a community.
Community Ecology
33
It emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components. (fields of ecology)
Ecosystem Ecology
34
It deals with arrays of ecosystems and how they are arranged in a geographic region.
Landscape Ecology
35
It is the prevailing weather conditions in a particular area.
Climate
36
What is climate made of?
1. Temperature 2. Water 3. Sunlight 4. Wind
37
What are the factors that determine the global climatic patterns?
1. Amount of Sunlight received 2. Movement of Earth in space 3. Air Circulation 4. Wind Patterns 5. Local Geographic Features 6. Seasonality
38
Where is sunlight directly overhead?
Equator
39
Which place receives low angle of incoming sunlight?
North Pole (60 degrees N) and South Pole (60 degrees S)
40
When does the longest day or night happen in Earth?
During solstice
41
What months do solstice usually happens?
June and December
42
It is a month where there is equal time for day and night.
equinox
43
What months do equinox usually happens?
March and September
44
Climate of adjacent terrestrial environments is moderated by ____________.
large bodies of water
45
These affects the local temperature, rainfall and the amount of sunlight reaching an area.
Mountains
46
It is a narrow vertical zone of rapid temperature change.
Thermodine
47
They, in their physical and chemical environment, make up an ecosystem.
1. plants 2. animals
48
It is the study of ecosystems.
Ecology
49
Ecosystems exhibit a flow of both ____________ and _________.
energy and nutrients
50
What is the original energy source of nearly all ecosystems?
sun
51
What is the source of energy of the oceanic hydrothermal vent communities?
Energy from geothermal activity
52
It is the ecosystem's ability to return to its original rate of change following a disturbance.
Ecosystem stability
53
It is the amount of perturbation that an ecosystem can absorb.
Resistance
54
What type of communities tend to be fairly resistant to pertubation?
Communities dominated by large, long-lived plants
55
It is partially based on which species are most sensitive to the particular disturbance.
Ecosystem resistance
56
True or False. Small changes in the populations of "top of the food chain", predators, or critical plant types can't have a substantial impact on the structure of the ecosystem.
False
57
It is an ongoing attempt to preserve the critical habitat for species that depend on old growth, such as the spotted owl and the arbled murmlet.
to limit the logging of old-growth forest in the Pacific Northwest
58
It is the rate at which the ecosystem recovers from pertubation.
Resilience
59
These are usually over populated with species that have rapid colonization and growth rates.
Resilient ecosystems
60
They grow very quickly after the storm flow abates, so the intervertebrates do not starve.
Algae
61
These are marine ecosystems that are extremely fragile, not resilient and not resistant to environmental disturbances.
deep oceanic ecosystems
62
In addition, to the direct effects of toxic materials like metals, pesticides, and synthetic organic compounds, one of the most serious effects of pollutants on inland waters is _________________.
depletion of dissolved oxygen
63
All higher forms of aquatic life exist only in the presence of_______ and most desirable microbiologic life also requires it.
oxygen
64
If the water becomes like this, the entire ecology changes and the water becomes unpleasant and safe.
anaerobic
65
The dissolved oxygen concentration in waterways and the effect of pollutants are closely related to the concept of decomposition and biodegradation, part of the ___________________ that sustains life.
total energy transfer system
66
These refers to a living thing that has an organized structure, can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, adapt, and maintain homeostasis.
Organisms
67
It is any theory that aims to classify species.
Species concept
68
Enumerate the four species concept.
1. Biological Species Concept 2. Morphological Species Concept 3. Ecological Species Concept 4. Phylogenetic Species Concept
69
A species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring.
Biological Species Concept
70
This definition of species in terms of measurable anatomical criteria.
Morphological Species Concept
71
This definition of species in terms of ecological niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with the non-living and living parts of their environment.
Ecological Species Concept
72
This definition of species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor.
Phylogenetic Species Concept
73
What are the two types of aquatic ecosystems?
1. Marine Ecosystems 2. Freshwater Ecosystems
74
This particular ecosystem is the largest aquatic ecosystem and covers over 70% of the earth’s total surface.
Marine Ecosystems
75
This ecosystem is relatively more concentrated in terms of salinity.
Marine Ecosystems
76
The body of aquatic organisms is well-adjusted to saline water, and they may find it challenging to survive in freshwater.
Marine Ecosystems
77
Ecosystems inside Marine Ecosystems
1. Ocean Ecosystem 2. Estuaries 3. Coral Reefs 4. Coastal Ecosystem
78
It is the meeting point of a sea and rivers.
Estuaries
79
It is made up of corals that form reefs.
Coral Reefs
80
It is formed when land and water meet.
Coastal Ecosystem
81
This covers less than 1% of the earth’s surface and is broadly divided into – wetlands, lentic and lotic ecosystems.
Freshwater ecosystems
82
Ecosystems inside the Freshwater Ecosystems
1. Swamps and Wetlands 2. Lentic Ecosystems 3. Lotic Ecosystems
83
These are marshy areas that are often covered in water and harbor a variety of flora and fauna
Swamps and Wetlands
84
It includes ponds and lakes and is a home to both floating and rooted plants, algae, and invertebrates
Lentic Ecosystems
85
These are characterized by rapid flowing water moving in one direction. Examples include rivers, streams, brooks and springs.
Lotic Ecosystems

ENVISCI (7 decks)

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