lesson 2

Question 1

primitive

Answer 1

belonging to a very simple society with no industry, etc.

Question 2

phenomenon

Answer 2

a fact or an event in nature or society, especially one that is not fully understood

Question 3

obscure

Answer 3

not well known
SYNONYM unknown

Question 4

regional

Answer 4

of or relating to a region

Question 5

diversity

Answer 5

a range of many people or things that are very different from each other
SYNONYM variety

Question 6

to underestimate

Answer 6

to think or guess that the amount, cost or size of something is smaller than it really is

Question 7

captivating

Answer 7

taking all your attention; very attractive and interesting
SYNONYM enchanting

Question 8

to deplete

Answer 8

to reduce something by a large amount so that there is not enough left; to be reduced by a large amount

Question 9

to dominate

Answer 9

to control or have a lot of influence over somebody/something, especially in an unpleasant way

Question 10

to withdraw

Answer 10

to move back or away from a place or situation; to make somebody/something do this

Question 11

fungus

Answer 11

an organism (= a living thing) that is similar to a plant without leaves, flowers or green colouring, and that usually grows on plants or on decaying matter. mushrooms and mildew are both fungi.

Question 12

tolerance

Answer 12

tolerance (of/for somebody/something) the quality of being willing to accept or tolerate somebody/something, especially opinions or behaviour that you may not agree with, or people who are not like you

Question 13

plausible

Answer 13

reasonable and likely to be true

Question 14

archeology

Answer 14

the study of cultures of the past, and of periods of history by examining the parts of buildings and objects found in the ground

Question 15

ancestor

Answer 15

a person in your family who lived a long time ago
SYNONYM forebear

Question 16

derelict

Answer 16

(especially of land or buildings) not used or cared for and in bad condition

Question 17

cemetery

Answer 17

an area of land used for burying dead people, especially one that is not next to a church

Question 18

seedling

Answer 18

a young plant that has grown from a seed

Question 19

equivalent

Answer 19

​a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equal in value, meaning or purpose to something else

Question 20

abundant

Answer 20

existing in large quantities; more than enough
SYNONYM plentiful

Question 21

assumption

Answer 21

a belief or feeling that something is true or that something will happen, although there is no proof

Question 22

to disrupt

Answer 22

to make it difficult for something to continue in the normal way

Question 23

battle

Answer 23

a fight between armies, ships or planes, especially during a war; a violent fight between groups of people

Question 24

unintentional

Answer 24

not done deliberately, but happening by accident

Question 25

to eradicate

Answer 25

to destroy or get rid of something completely, especially something bad SYNONYM wipe out

Question 26

to praise

Answer 26

words that show that you approve of and admire somebody/something

Question 27

peculiar

Answer 27

strange or unusual, especially in a way that is unpleasant or makes you worried

Question 28

infrastructure

Answer 28

the basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization to run smoothly, for example buildings, transport and water and power supplies

Question 29

to be willing

Answer 29

ready or pleased to help and not needing to be persuaded; done or given in an enthusiastic way

Question 30

to evacuate

Answer 30

to move people from a place of danger to a safer place

Question 31

measure

Answer 31

to judge the importance, value or effect of something SYNONYM assess

Question 32

trait

Answer 32

a particular quality in your personality

Question 33

to cultivate

Answer 33

to prepare and use land for growing plants or crops

Question 34

introverted

Answer 34

more interested in your own thoughts and feelings than in spending time with other people

Question 35

inherent

Answer 35

that is a basic or permanent part of somebody/something and that cannot be removed SYNONYM intrinsic

Question 36

extroverted

Answer 36

lively and confident, and enjoying being with other people

Question 37

to rehabilitate

Answer 37

to help somebody to return to a normal, healthy life after they have been in prison or very ill

Question 38

stamina

Answer 38

​the physical or mental strength that enables you to do something difficult for long periods of time

Question 39

to acquire

Answer 39

to gain something by your own efforts, ability or behaviour

Question 40

transformation

Answer 40

a complete change in somebody/something

Question 41

evolution

Answer 41

the slow steady development of plants, animals, etc. during the history of the earth, as they adapt to changes in their environment

Question 42

principle

Answer 42

a moral rule or a strong belief that influences your actions

Question 43

irreversible

Answer 43

​that cannot be changed back to what it was before

Question 44

characteristic

Answer 44

a typical feature or quality that something/somebody has

Question 45

intriguing

Answer 45

very interesting because of being unusual or not having an obvious answer

Question 45

to retain

Answer 45

to keep something; to continue to have something SYNONYM preserve

Question 46

likelihood

Answer 46

the chance of something happening; how likely something is to happen SYNONYM probability

Question 47

juvenile

Answer 47

relating to young people who are not yet adults

Question 48

to evolve

Answer 48

to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form; to develop something in this way