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PSYC 203 > LESSON 2: History of Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

LESSON 2: History of Developmental Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

developmental psychology arose after the emergence of _____ psychology (later part of 19th century)

A

scientific

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2
Q
  • primarily concerned with child and adolescent development
  • began as correlational science
  • focused on observation
A

early years

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3
Q

miniature adult; contained in the semen and egg at conception

A

preformationism

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4
Q

quantitatively different from the adult

A

homunculus

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4
Q

quantitatively different from the adult

A

homunculus

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5
Q

preformationism and homunculus

A

pre-scientific antecedents

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6
Q

philosophers that became the bases of developmental psychology

A
  • John Locke
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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7
Q

father of Modern Learning Theory

A

John Locke

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8
Q

father of Classical Developmental Psychology

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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9
Q

father of American Developmental Psychology

A

G. Stanley Hall

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10
Q

father of Modern Intelligence Theory

A

Alfred Binet

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11
Q

father of Psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

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12
Q

father of Behaviorism

A

John Watson

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13
Q

for John Locke, a child was a _____

A

tabula rasa

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14
Q

natural unfolding of the child based on the innate blueprint

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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15
Q

3 people who created baby biographies

A
  • Dietrich Tiedmann
  • Wilhelm Preyer
  • Milicent Shinn
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16
Q

3 people who created baby biographies

A
  • Dietrich Tiedemann
  • Wilhelm Preyer
  • Milicent Shinn
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17
Q

created the first baby biography

A

Dietrich Tiedemann

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18
Q

The Mind of the Child (Die Seele des Kindes)

A

Wilhelm Preyer

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19
Q

Biography of a Baby

A

Milicent Shinn

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20
Q

contribution of Charles Darwin:

A
  • the origin of species
  • individual differences and adaptation
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21
Q

he helped establish the field of developmental psychology in the areas of language development and language pathology

A

Wilhelm Preyer

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22
Q

study of behavior, thought, and feeling as viewed through the lens of evolutionary biology

A

Evolutionary Psychology

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23
Q

founder (?) of evolutionary psychology

A

Konrad Lorenz & Niko Tinbergen

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24
Q

contribution of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth

A

loss and attachment

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25
Q

“as people develop, they repeat behaviors of their evolutionary ancestors”

A

recapitulation theory

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26
Q

contributed the recapitulation theory

A

G. Stanley Hall

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27
Q

______ were the basis for early learning

A

early imitative movements

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28
Q

early imitative movements were linked to Piaget’s _____ and Vygotsky’s _____

A
  • Cognitive Development
  • Zone of Proximal Development
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29
Q

G. Stanley Hall’s movement is called ______

A

Child Study Movement

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30
Q

scientific understanding of the child

A

child study movement

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31
Q

child study movement helped to bring about the passage of laws governing _______ and compulsory education

A

child labor

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32
Q

4 pioneer developmentalists

A
  • James Mark Baldwin
  • John Dewey
  • Alfred Binet
  • Maria Montessori
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33
Q

focused on education (learning by doing) and wrote on developmental issues

A

John Dewey

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34
Q

conducted research on cognitive functioning, including memory and intellectual development

A

Alfred Binet

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35
Q

proposed a stage theory of development which initially focused on cognitive development

A

James Mark Baldwin

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36
Q

she wrote extensively on Child Development

A

Maria Montessori

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37
Q

people who approached dev psych in a psychoanalytic way

A
  • Sigmund Freud
  • Anna Freud
  • Carl Jung
  • Erik Erikson
  • Karen Horney
  • Melanie Klein
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38
Q

created the field of psychoanalysis

A

Anna Freud

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39
Q

“ego psychologists” and followers of Freud

A
  • Ana Freud
  • Erik Erikson
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40
Q

_____ psychologists are more concerned with the conscious, rational part of the person

A

ego

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41
Q

Eight stages of man (infancy to old age)

A

Erik Erikson

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42
Q

put emphasis on life-span, growth, and self-actualization

A

Karen Horney

43
Q
  • theoretical innovator in adult development and aging
  • classification of personality types
A

Carl Jung

44
Q

“places less emphasis on biological-based drives and more importance on consistent patterns of interpersonal relationships”

A

object relations theory

45
Q

who proposed the object relations theory and was a rival of Ana Freud

A

Melanie Klein

46
Q

she thought that child psychoanalysis could be helpful for all children as an aid in the modulation of their anxieties

A

Melanie Klein

47
Q

who felt that psychoanalysis is only appropriate when a child had developed infantile neurosis

A

Anna Freud

48
Q

until the 1940s, much of dev psych was ______ and ______

A
  • descriptive
  • normative
49
Q

collected data on the physical and motor development of infants and children

A

Arnold Gesell

50
Q

Arnold Gesell encouraged parents to ____ and to trust more in ____

A
  • relax
  • nature
51
Q

In Rousseau’s tradition, ______ of the child was more important than any interference on the part of parents or educators

A

natural unfolding

52
Q

believed that many aspects of human nature, including intelligence, could be measured scientifically

A

Francis Galton

53
Q

Galton attempted to measure intelligence through _______ tests

A

reaction time

54
Q

tried a new approach and published scales (Binet-Simon Scale)

A

Alfred Binet

55
Q

brought a version of Binet’s scale to the United States

A

Henry H. Coddard

56
Q

developed the Stanford-Binet Scale and initiated the first longitudinal study of development

A

Lewis M. Terman

57
Q

“ability of children to perform beyond their current level”

A

zone of proximal development

58
Q

emphasized the role of parent and teacher in cognitive development, and the function of speech, as an aid to the child’s development

A

Lev Vygotsky

59
Q

attempted to show how a child’s emotional development could be understood in terms of learning in “Little Albert” experiment

A

John Watson

60
Q

acc to John Watson, ______ is the central issue for study

A

learning

61
Q

conducted a study of a three-year old boy to demonstrate how undesirable fears could be eliminated (direct conditioning and social imitation)

A

Mary Cover Jones

62
Q

Behavior Modification field was began by

A

Mary Cover Jones

63
Q

replaced Watson as the leader of child-care movement

A

Benjamin Spock

64
Q

“behavior is the result of the individual and the environment”

A

Field Theory

65
Q

Field Theory is contributed by _______

A

Kurt Lewin

66
Q

“no learning is occurred unless a drive produced tension and impelled the organism into activity to procure a reward”

A

Drive-reduction theory of learning

67
Q

contribution of Clark Hull

A

Drive-reduction theory of learning

68
Q

applied learning principle to an understanding of the socialization of children

A

Robert Sears

69
Q

strict behaviorist who stressed the role of operant learning

A

B.F. Skinner

70
Q

______ learning employs rewards and punishments for behavior

A

operant

71
Q

“observation and modeling play a primary role in how and why people learn”

A

social learning theory

72
Q

social learning theory is contributed by ______

A

Albert Bandura

73
Q

Albert Bandura focused more on _____ learning than Skinner

A

social

74
Q

Bandura emphasized the importance of _____

A

modeling

75
Q

people in Lifespan Psychology

A
  • Johann Tetens
  • Friedrich Carus
  • Adolphe Quetelet
  • Francis Galton
  • Robert Havighurstand
  • Bernice Neugarten
76
Q

first to collect data on physical and psychological variable across the life span

A

Adolphe Quetelet

77
Q

wrote that aging was not simply about loss and decline, but was an occasion for growth and perfectibility

A

Friedrich Carus

78
Q

published “Philosophical Essays on Human Nature and its Development”

A

Johann Tetens

79
Q

active researchers on development in the middle and later years

A
  • Robert Havighurstand
  • Bernice Neugarten
80
Q

established an anthropometric laboratory in London (1884)

A

Francis Galton

81
Q

founded after world war 1 through the efforts of an Iowa housewife, Cora Bussey Hillis

A

The Iowa Child Welfare Research Station

82
Q

argued that if useful research could be conducted in order to understand animals, equally effective research should be directed to an understanding of the child

A

Cora Bussey Hillis

83
Q

first of many child development research centers to be established in the US

A

The Iowa Child Welfare Research Station

84
Q

includes divisions devoted to developmental psychology:
- Adult Development and Aging
- Child, Youth and Family Services

A

American Psychological Association (APA)

85
Q

organizational home for many American developmental psychologists

A

The American Psychological Society

86
Q

prominent developmental organization which began in 1933, with its own journal

A

Society for Research in Child Development

87
Q

generally considered to be either a natural biological stage of development or a modern idea or invention

A

childhood

88
Q

eight stages of lifespan according to Erik Erikson

A
  1. Prenatal Stage
  2. Early Childhood
  3. Middle and Late Childhood
  4. Adolescence
  5. Emerging and Early Adulthood
  6. Middle Adulthood
  7. Late Adulthood
  8. Death and Dying
89
Q

period in prenatal stage (weeks 1-2)

A

germinal period

90
Q

period in prenatal stage (weeks 3-8)

A

embryonic period

91
Q

period in prenatal stage (weeks 9-40)

A

fetal period

92
Q

period in which heart begins to beat and organs form and begin to function; spinal cord and brain develops

A

embryonic period

93
Q

period in which the embryo is called a fetus

A

fetal period

94
Q

period in which the sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygote; genetic makeup and sex of the baby are set

A

germinal stage

95
Q
  • continued rapid growth
  • language and cognitive development
  • more control over their emotions
  • parents play a vital role
A

early childhood

96
Q
  • gain greater control over the movement of their bodies
  • greater reasoning and flexibility of thought
A

middle and late childhood

97
Q
  • begins with puberty and ends with the transition to adulthood
  • improvement in complex and abstract thought
  • identity formation occurs
A

adolescence

98
Q
  • peak physical capabilities and the emergence of more mature cognitive development, financial independence, and intimate relationships
A

emerging and early adulthood

99
Q
  • reflects both developmental gains and losses and that there are considerable individual differences
A

middle adulthood

100
Q

relatively healthy, productive, active and continue to live independently

A

young-old (65-85)

101
Q

both age groups - risk of diseases

A

oldest-old (85 and older)

102
Q
  • last stage of life
  • happens more commonly at the later stages of life but can occur at any point in the life cycle
A

Death and Dying

103
Q

length of a time a species can exist under the most optimal conditions

A

lifespan

104
Q

other term for lifespan

A

longetivity

105
Q

______ psychologists are more concerned with the conscious, rational part of the person

A

ego psychologists

106
Q

a construct describing the ability of children to perform beyond their current level

A

zone of proximal development

PSYC 203 (11 decks)

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