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NDAP NAVDEN 101 Unit 2: Basic Dental Science > Lesson 2.4: Oral Conditions and Injuries > Flashcards

Lesson 2.4: Oral Conditions and Injuries Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

What is oral pathology

A

The study of diseases that affect the mouth

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2
Q

Inflammation of the gingiva

A

Gingivitis

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3
Q

Signs and symptoms of plaque-induced gingivitis

A
  1. Swelling (edema)
  2. Redness
  3. Increased heat
  4. Loss of stippled appearance
  5. Bleeding
  6. Occasional pain
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4
Q

Causes of plaque-induced gingivitis

A

Plaque and calculus formation due to:

  1. Improper brushing
  2. Flossing
  3. Mouth breathing
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5
Q

Characteristics of plaque-induced gingivitis

A
  1. Gingiva appears shiny due to the added fluid

2. Bright red from increased blood flow due to the swelling of the gingival margin

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6
Q

Treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis

A

Completely remove the supragingival and subgingival irritants through oral prophylaxis (teeth cleaning) and oral hygiene instructions

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7
Q

Types of Hormonal-influenced Gingival Disease

A
  1. Puberty-associated gingivitis
  2. Pregnancy-associated gingivitis
  3. Menstrual cycle gingivitis
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8
Q

Characteristics of Hormonal-influenced Gingival Disease

A

Gingiva having an exaggerated response to plaque, reflected by:

  1. Intense inflammation
  2. Redness
  3. Edema
  4. Enlargement of the gingiva with no bone loss at the time
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9
Q

This is also known as “Trenchmouth” or “Vincent’s Disease”

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)

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10
Q

A bacterial infection where the tissue of the interdental papilla is dead or dying

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)

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11
Q

This name came into effect in WWI when soldiers who were down fox holes and trenches didn’t have access to basic oral hygiene aids to take care of their teeth, causing disease.

A

Trenchmouth

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12
Q

Causes of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

A
  1. Prolonged poor oral hygiene
  2. Poor nutrition
  3. Fatigue
  4. Emotional Stress
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13
Q

Characteristics of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

A
  1. Malaise
  2. Severe bad breath
  3. Gray or yellow-gray ulcers
  4. Difficult brushing or chewing
  5. Highly inflamed gingiva that bleeds easily
  6. Fever
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14
Q

An indefinite feeling of debility or lack of health often indicated of or accompanying the onset of an illness

A

Malaise

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15
Q

Treatment of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

A
  1. Reassure the patient
  2. Doctor may also prescribe antibiotics within 24 to 48 hours
  3. Gentle debridement (removing the worst of the plaque and calculus) once acute inflammation has subsided
  4. A mouth rinse, such as Chlorhexidine
  5. Proper rest, diet, and exercise
  6. Elimination of smoking, carbonated drinks, and alcoholic beverages advised
  7. Home care instructions are given and the patient re-appointed a follow-up
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16
Q

Cause of Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement

A

Result from systemic drug use (a systemic drug affects a specific system of the body)

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17
Q

Mouth-breathing and heredity can aggravate this condition

A

Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement

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18
Q

Characteristics of Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement

A

Gingiva that looks fibrous, but there is no redness or pain present

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19
Q

Treatment of Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement

A

Surgical excision of the extra tissues

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20
Q

Who is able to surgically excise extra tissue caused by Drug-influenced Gingival Enlargement

A

A dentist

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21
Q

Inflammation of the gingiva that involves the crest of the alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament above the alveolar crest

A

Periodontitis

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22
Q

Cause of Periodontitis

A

Untreated marginal gingivitis

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23
Q

Inflammation of the gingiva around a partially erupted tooth; pathogens and plaque get underneath the flap causing an infection

A

Pericoronitis

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24
Q

Pericoronitis usually affects which tooth

A

Mandibular third molars

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25
Also known as dry socket
Post-extraction Alveolar Osteitis
26
Occurs when a blood clot fails to form or washes out of the socket from a recently extracted tooth
Post-extraction Alveolar Osteitis
27
Treatment of Post-extraction Alveolar Osteitis
1. Gently rinse the socket with warm saline solution | 2. Moisten a small strip of iodoform gauze with eugenol and loosely pack socket
28
A condition associated with the overgrowth of bone
Tori
29
TRUE OR FALSE: | Herpes Simplex Virus is highly contagious
True
30
Causes of outbreaks in Herpes Simplex Virus
1. Stress 2. Fever 3. Illness 4. Injury 5. Exposure to sunlight
31
Type of Herpes Simplex Virus associated with fever blisters or cold sores
HSV 1
32
TRUE OR FALSE: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 can be transferred to genitals
True
33
Length of time it takes Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 to heal
7-14 days
34
This type of Herpes Simplex Virus is most commonly found on genitals
HSV 2
35
This type of Herpes Simplex Virus is most commonly contracted through sexual contact
HSV2
36
TRUE OR FALSE: | Aphthous Ulcers/Canker Sores are contagious
False
37
Causes of Aphthous Ulcers/Canker Sores
1. Trauma 2. Infection 3. Auto-immune diseases
38
Length of time it takes Aphthous Ulcers/Canker Sores to heal
7-10 days
39
This is caused by the irritation of oral mucosa
Leukoplakia
40
Type of Leukoplakia most commonly caused by the use of smokeless tobacco products
Precancerous Leukoplakia
41
Type of Leukoplakia most commonly associated with HIV/AIDS
Hairy Leukoplakia
42
Bacteria waste products and food debris combine to form a sticky substance. This is known as
Plaque
43
Causes of Tooth Decay (Caries)
1. Activity of bacteria and acids in dental plaque 2. Poor oral hygiene 3. Diet high in sugar intake 4. Plaque buildup in sheltered areas between the teeth (mesial and distal) 5. Defects in the teeth
44
Three factors that determine the destructive progression of Tooth Decay (Caries)
1. Oral Hygiene 2. Diet 3. Resistance of the tooth surface to acid
45
Effect of Tooth Decay (Caries)
Pain from local irritants or decay approaching the pulp
46
How may Tooth Decay (Caries) appear on dental radiographic/images
Radiolucent or black
47
Treatment of Tooth Decay (Caries)
Completely remove the decay (caries) and replace it with a restoration
48
Treatment of Tooth Decay (Caries) that have not gone beyond the enamel layer tooth
May be able to be treated with mouth rinses and fluoride.
49
Tooth Decay (Caries) that have not gone beyond the enamel layer tooth is referred to as
Incipient Caries
50
Inflammation of the pulp
Pulpitis
51
Causes of Pulpitis
1. Physical - deep carious lesions that penetrated into the pulp; physical trauma (blow to the tooth or improper occlusion) 2. Thermal - Excessive heat during cavity preparation 3. Chemical - irritating medications or restorative materials being placed near the pulp
52
The initial response of the pulp to shock or irritation
Hyperemia
53
Hyperemia increases the blood in small arteries of the pulp, increasing pressure on the nerves and producing pain, which can cause
Pulpitis
54
Types of pulpitis
1. Reversible Pulpitis | 2. Irreversible Pulpitis
55
The temporary irritation where the pulp usually heals itself once the cause of the irritation has been removed
Reversible Pulpitis
56
A condition where the pulp cannot heal itself
Irreversible Pulpitis
57
A tooth with pulpitis will have what kind of sensitivities
1. Hot 2. Cold 3. Percussion
58
Treatment of Reversible Pulpitis
The removal of irritants
59
Treatment of Irreversible Pulpitis
Endodontic Therapy (root canal). As a last resort, the tooth may be extracted
60
Type of therapy that consists of opening the tooth from the occlusal surface to remove the infected pulp tissue
Endodontic Therapy (root canal)
61
Localized collections of pus formed by bone and or soft tissue destruction
Abscesses
62
Type of Abscess around the apex of a tooth
Periapical Abscess
63
Type of Abscess formed in the gingival tissue
Periodontal (Gingival) Abscess
64
Causes of Periapical Abscesses
Traumatic injury or infection following pulpitis of the tooth
65
The two types of Periapical Abscesses
1. Acute | 2. Chronic
66
Treatment of Periapical Abscesses
1. Endodontic Therapy (root canal) 2. Incision and drainage procedure where a hole in the abscess is drained of the pus 3. Antibiotics to stop the infection along with pain-relieving drug/agents
67
If all treatment of Periapical Abscesses are unsuccessful, what may be necessary?
A tooth extraction
68
Causes of Periodontal (gingival) Abscesses
When inflammatory drainage from a periodontal pocket is blocked
69
The two types of Periodontal (gingival) Abscesses
1. Acute | 2. Chronic
70
Treatment of Periodontal (gingival) Abscesses
1. Incision and drainage 2. Scaling and curettage (clean the picket and tooth with dental instruments to remove the irritant) 3. Antibiotics
71
If all treatment of Periodontal (gingival) Abscesses are unsuccessful, what may be necessary?
A tooth extraction
72
The system used to classify fractured teeth
The Ellis Classification System
73
Ellis Classification System: | What type is an Enamel Fracture
Type 1
74
Ellis Classification System: | What type is an Enamel/Dentin Fracture
Type 2
75
Ellis Classification System: | What type is an Enamel/Dentin Fracture with Pulp Exposure
Type 3
76
Ellis Classification System: | What type is a Root Fracture
Type 4

NDAP NAVDEN 101 Unit 2: Basic Dental Science (5 decks)

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