Lesson 28 Terms

Question 1

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

bones that attach to the axial skeleton

Question 2

Axial skeleton

Answer 2

bones that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk

Question 3

Cardiac muscle

Answer 3

tissue found only in the heart

Question 4

Carpal bones

Answer 4

wrist bones that attach the hand to the arm

Question 5

strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone

Answer 5

Cartilage

Question 6

Circulatory System

Answer 6

a) Includes: heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries

b) Function: moves blood

Question 7

Clavicle- bone

Answer 7

The clavicle is the bone that connects the breastplate (sternum) to the shoulder
(Collarbone)

Question 8

Compact bone

Answer 8

strong, dense bone found in the diaphysis

Question 9

Coxal bones

Answer 9

two large, heavy bones that attach to the sacrum of the axial skeleton

Question 10

Diaphysis

Answer 10

shaft of the bone

Question 11

Digestive system

Answer 11

breaks down food into smaller components that can be utilized by the body; filters harmful substances in food

Question 12

a) Includes: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pineal gland, and the adrenal gland
b) Function: sends chemical messages through the body

Answer 12

Endocrine system

Question 13

Endomysium

Answer 13

a protective layer that wraps each muscle fiber

Question 14

Epimysium

Answer 14

surrounds entire muscle

Question 15

Epiphysis

Answer 15

bulging end of the bone

Question 16

Excretory or Urinary system

Includes and function

Answer 16

a) Includes: sweat glands, kidney, bladder, and urethra b) Function: removes wastes

Question 17

Fascicle

Answer 17

bundle of muscle fibers

Question 18

Femur

Answer 18

the bone at the top of the leg

Question 19

Flat bones

Answer 19

protect vital organs, such as the ribs and cranial bones

Question 20

Fibula

Answer 20

Smaller lower leg bone

Question 21

Haversian canals

Answer 21

small tunnels created by osteoclasts as they move through the bones breaking down old bone cells

Question 22

Hemopoiesis

Answer 22

manufactures red blood cells, platelets, and some types of white blood cells in the red bone marrow

Question 23

large bone at the top of the arm

Answer 23

Humerus

Question 24

a) Includes: white blood cells, lymph nodes and vessels, bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen, and tonsils
b) Function: defense system

Answer 24

Immune or Lymphatic system

Question 25

Insertion

Answer 25

location where the muscle attaches to a moveable bone

Question 26

Integumentary system

Answer 26

a) Includes: skin, hair, and nails | b) Function: protection and sensory input

Question 27

Integumentary system

Answer 27

a) Includes: skin, hair, and nails | b) Function: protection and sensory input

Question 28

Irregular bones

Answer 28

do not fall into one of the other categories

Question 29

Ligaments

Answer 29

Connect bone to bone

Question 30

Long bones

Answer 30

longer than they are wide, such as the femur and humerus

Question 31

Medullary cavity

Answer 31

the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone; contains soft yellow bone marrow

Question 32

Metacarpal bones

Answer 32

form the bones of the hand

Question 33

Metatarsals

Answer 33

make up the bones of the foot

Question 34

Muscular System

Answer 34

a) Includes: muscles and tendons | b) Function: movement and strength

Question 35

Myofibrils

Answer 35

threadlike structures that make up muscle fibers

Question 36

Osteoblasts

Answer 36

move in to construct new bone matrix inside the Haversian canals

Question 37

Osteoclasts

Answer 37

move through our bones and break down old cells to make room for new ones

Question 38

Pectoral girdle

Answer 38

attaches the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 39

Pelvic girdle

Answer 39

attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 40

Perimysium

Answer 40

connective tissue surrounding a fascicle

Question 41

Periosteum

Answer 41

protective sheet encasing the bone

Question 42

Phalanges

Answer 42

make up the bones in the fingers

Question 43

Radius

Answer 43

lateral bone of the forearm

Question 44

Red bone marrow

Answer 44

produces red and white blood cells and platelets

Question 45

Reproductive system

Answer 45

a) Includes: testes (male), ovaries (female), and other reproductive organs b) Function: reproduction

Question 46

Respiratory system

Answer 46

a) Includes: lungs, trachea, bronchial tubes, nose, and pharynx b) Function: supplies the body with oxygen; removes carbon dioxide

Question 47

Scapula

Answer 47

floats on the back of the ribs suspended by muscles and ligaments (Shoulder blade)

Question 48

Short bones

Answer 48

about as wide as they are long, such as the phalanges and metacarpals

Question 49

Sinuses

Answer 49

hollow spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity

Question 50

a) Includes: bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints | b) Function: provides support and protection

Answer 50

Skeletal System

Question 51

a) Usually attached to bones via tendons b) Give the body shape c) Striated: the cells appear to have dark and light stripes d) Primarily controlled voluntarily e) Primary function is movement of the skeleton f) Move quickly and powerfully

Answer 51

Skeletal muscles

Question 52

Skull

Answer 52

composed of cranial and facial bones

Question 53

a) Primary function is to transport materials through the body b) Does not have striations c) Movement is involuntary d) Move materials through the body with slow, powerful, and prolonged contractions

Answer 53

Smooth muscle

Question 54

Spongy bone

Answer 54

porous bone filled with marrow, nerves, and blood vessels located inside the epiphysis

Question 55

Sutures

Answer 55

jagged lines that connect the skull bones together

Question 56

Tarsal bones

Answer 56

ankle bones that attach the foot to the leg

Question 57

Tendons

Answer 57

dense connective tissue that attaches muscle to bon

Question 58

a) Function: protects vital organs in your thorax and prevents the collapse of the thorax during respiration b) Composed of 12 pairs of ribs along with associated cartilage and the sternum

Answer 58

Thoracic cage

Question 59

Tibia

Answer 59

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg (the shin bone)

Question 60

Tissues

Answer 60

organized cells

Question 61

Ulna

Answer 61

medial bone of the forearm

Question 62

Vertebral column

Answer 62

allows the spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord, protects the spinal cord, and supports the weight of the head and trunk

Question 63

gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells

Answer 63

Yellow bone marrow

Question 64

Thyroid gland | 2. Calcitonin:

Answer 64

2. causes excess blood calcium to be stored in the bones