Lesson 3

Question 1

The breakdown of food in the body in
preparation for absorption

Answer 1

Digestion

Question 2

food is broken into
smaller pieces by teeth and moved along
the gastrointestinal tract by peristalsis.

Answer 2

Mechanical digestion

Question 2

carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats are broken down with
the addition of water (hydrolysis) into
nutrients that tissues can absorb and use

Answer 2

Chemical digestion

Question 2

act as a catalyst, which
speeds up the chemical reactions without
itself being changed in the process

Answer 2

enzyme

Question 2

-Food travels through this
muscular tube.
-Connects mouth to stomach
- Peristalsis and gravity act to
move bolus

Answer 2

Esophagus

Question 2

Chemical changes occur through?

Answer 2

hydrolysis

Question 2

Enzyme that acts on starch.

Answer 2

(salivary amylase or ptyalin)

Question 2

What symptom results when the cardiac
sphincter does not close properly? What is the name of the condition?

Answer 2

Indigestion or heartburn occurs as a result of
stomach acid flowing back into the
esophagus. This is called gastroesophageal reflux.

Question 2

(food that is ready
to be swallowed

Answer 2

Bolus

Question 3

It is the only organ that secretes the intrinsic factor for vitamin B12.

Answer 3

Stomach

Question 4

funtion of intrinsic factor in the stomach

Answer 4

binds vitamin B12 so that it can be absorbed in the intestines

Question 4

enzyme that breaks down proteins

Answer 4

pepsin

Question 4

 Temporary storage of food
 Mixing of food with gastric juices

Regulation of a slow, controlled emptying
of food into the intestine

Answer 4

stomach

Question 5

In children, ____ breaks down milk
proteins, and _____ breaks down
the butterfat molecules of milk.

Answer 5

rennin, gastric lipase

Question 6

Identify the three parts of the stomach

Answer 6

fundus
body
pylorus

Question 7

lack of intrinsic factors in the stomach can cause what disease

Answer 7

pernicious anemia

Question 8

hormones that causes pancreas to release sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acidity of chyme.

Answer 8

secretin

Question 9

 Emulsifies fat after it is secreted into small
intestine
 Produced in liver; stored in gallbladder

Answer 9

bile

Question 10

pancreatic enzymes that split proteins

Answer 10

Pancreatic proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin,
carboxypeptidases)

Question 10

pancreatic enzymes that converts starches
(polysaccharides) to simple sugars

Answer 10

Pancreatic amylase

Question 10

pancreatic enzymes that reduces fats to fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 10

Pancreatic lipase

Question 10

enzyme found in SMALL INTESTINE that reduce proteins to amino acids

Answer 10

Peptidases

Question 11

 Prepares foods for absorption
 Produces enzymes
 Lactase, maltase, sucrase convert
lactose, maltose, sucrose to simple
sugars.

Answer 11

Small intestine

Question 12

sections of small intestine

Answer 12

duodenum
jejunum
ilieum

Question 13

Absorb water
 Synthesize some B vitamins and vitamin K
 Collect food residue

Answer 13

Large Intestine

Question 14

why does large intestine do not get ulcer despite the acidity of chyme?

Answer 14

because colon walls secrete mucus to protect it
against acidic digestive juices in chyme.

Question 15

it produces gastric acid

Answer 15

parietal cells

Question 16

secretes hydrochloric acid

Answer 16

gastric pits

Question 16

where does CARBOHYDRATE digestion starts?

Answer 16

mouth

Question 16

where does FAT digestion starts?

Answer 16

small intestine

Question 17

where does PROTEIN digestion starts?

Answer 17

stomach

Question 18

The passage of nutrients into the blood or
lymphatic system.

Answer 18

Absorption

Question 19

where does most absorption occurs?

Answer 19

small intestine

Question 20

• a hairlike projections that increase surface
  area for maximum absorption.
• absorb nutrients from the chyme and
  transfer them to the bloodstream.

Answer 20

Villi

Question 21

type of metabolism that is also called oxidation, it combines nutrients WITH oxygen within each cell

Answer 21

Aerobic metabolism,

Question 21

• The transformation of nutrients into energy
  within the cell
• Occurs after digestion and absorption;
• nutrients are carried by the blood to the cells
  of the body

Answer 21

Metabolism

Question 22

type of metabolism that reduces fats WITHOUT
the use of oxygen

Answer 22

Anaerobic metabolism

Question 23

• Medical standard used to define obesity
• Used to determine whether a person is at
  health risk from excess weight

Answer 23

Body Mass Index

Question 24

The complete oxidation of carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats

Answer 24

Krebs cycle

Question 25

the process of using energy
from oxidation to create new compounds.

Answer 25

Anabolism

Question 25

is the breakdown of
compounds during metabolism

Answer 25

Catabolism

Question 26

used to determine
the energy values of foods.

Answer 26

bomb calorimeter

Question 26

• The rate at which energy is needed for
  body maintenance
• The energy necessary to carry on all
  involuntary vital processes while the body
  is at rest
• Also known as resting energy expenditure
  (REE)

Answer 26

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Question 27

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

-Factors that affect BMR: lean body mass,
body size, sex, age, heredity, physical
condition, and climate
-BMR is greater in men than women.
-BMR increases during growth and fever.
-BMR decreases with age and during
starvation.

Answer 27

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

-Factors that affect BMR: lean body mass,
body size, sex, age, heredity, physical
condition, and climate
-BMR is greater in men than women.
-BMR increases during growth and fever.
-BMR decreases with age and during
starvation.

Question 28

formula in calculating the BMR

Answer 28

Harris-Benedict equation

Question 29

During metabolism, carbohydrates and
proteins are combined with oxygen in a
process called ___

Answer 29

oxidation