Proteins

Question 1

• essential throughout the entire lifespan.
• basic material of every body cell
• Of the six nutrient groups, this only can make new cells and rebuild tissue.
• the only nutrient group that contains nitrogen.

Answer 1

Protein

Question 2

Functions of Protein

2 Building and repairing body tissue

Answer 2

• Provision of the correct type and number of amino acids
• During catabolism, amino acids are recycled to build new tissues (anabolism)

Question 3

Functions of Protein

3 Regulating body functions

Answer 3

• Metabolism and digestion
• Fluid and electrolyte balance
• Development of antibodies

Question 3

3rd Function of Protein

Answer 3

Providing energy

Question 4

two essential amino acid that develop during childhood only

Answer 4

Arginine and histidine

Question 5

type of proteins

• High biologic value
• Contains all essential amino acids
• Extremely bioavailable

Answer 5

Complete

Question 6

type of proteins

• Lacks one or more amino acids
• Cannot build tissue without help of other proteins
• Plant source

Answer 6

Incomplete

Question 7

type of proteins

*Occur when a combination of incomplete proteins are eaten in the same day to make a complete protein

*Animal source

Examples: corn and beans, rice and beans, bread and peanut butter, bread and split pea soup, bread and cheese, bread and baked beans, macaroni and cheese, cereal and milk

Answer 7

Complementary proteins

Question 8

Food Sources

• Complete proteins.
• Meats, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, and cheese
• Provides saturated fats and cholesterol

Answer 8

Animal food sources

Question 9

Food Sources

• Incomplete proteins
• Corn, grain, nuts, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, and legumes (soy beans & peanuts)

Answer 9

Plant food sources

Question 10

Food Sources

• Textured soy protein and tofu
• Meat alternatives made from soy protein and other ingredients to simulate various kinds of meat, B Vitamins

Answer 10

Analogues

Question 11

Food Source
* Excellent source of protein, iron and b vitamins
* tofu is a soft, cheeselike, bland food made from soy milk, low in sodium,
* Helpful to strict vegetarians to meet their protein needs

Answer 11

Analogues

Question 12

Mechanical digestion of proteins starts at?

Answer 12

begins in mouth

Question 13

protein chem digestion begins in?

Answer 13

stomach

Question 14

The enzyme ___ reduces proteins to polypeptides.

Answer 14

pepsin

Question 14

10 or more amino acids bonded together

Answer 14

• Polypeptides

Question 15

Amino acids are broken down and the nitrogen-containing [amine group is stripped off]

Answer 15

deamination

Question 15

In the small intestine, three pancreatic enzymes _ _ _ continue chemical digestion and absorption through the villi

Answer 15

trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase

Question 16

• Amino acids are broken down and the nitrogen-containing amine group is stripped off (deamination).
• Ammonia is produced.
• Liver picks up ammonia and converts it to urea.
• Kidney filters out urea and excretes it.
• Remaining parts are used for energy or converted to carbohydrate or fat and stored as glycogen or adipose tissue

Answer 16

• Amino acids are broken down and the nitrogen-containing amine group is stripped off (deamination).
• Ammonia is produced.
• Liver picks up ammonia and converts it to urea.
• Kidney filters out urea and excretes it.
• Remaining parts are used for energy or converted to carbohydrate or fat and stored as glycogen or adipose tissue

Question 17

the average daily requirement of protein for each kilogram of body weight

Answer 17

0.8 g

Question 18

Connection to colon cancer and high calcium excretion leading to ___

Answer 18

osteoporisis

Question 19

National Research Council recommends that protein intake represent no more than how many percent?

Answer 19

15-20%

Question 20

exists when more nitrogen is lost than taken in.

• E.g. fever, burns

Answer 20

Negative nitrogen balance

Question 20

exists when nitrogen intake exceeds amount excreted

• It indicates new tissues are being formed

Answer 20

Positive nitrogen balance

Question 21

Nitrogen intake equals nitrogen excreted

Answer 21

Nitrogen Balance

Question 22

amino acid that can produce melatonin to regulate sleep

Answer 22

tryptophan

Question 22

disease caused by not being able to digest gluten

Answer 22

celiac disease

Question 23

a type of genetic disease that has a prolem with exocrine gland due to protein misfolding

Answer 23

cystic fibrosis

Question 24

a tpe of inflammatory bowel disease that increases your body’s protein needs and inhibits the small intestine to absorb

Answer 24

crohn’s disease

Question 25

___ is the protein in blood (plasma) deficiency that can cause edema

Answer 25

albumin

Question 25

• Lack protein and energy-rich foods
• Found in developing countries with shortages of protein and energy-rich foods
• Causes stunted growth in children
• Mental retardation may occur in infants born from mothers with protein deficiency

Answer 25

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)

Question 25

• Affects very young children
• Results from severe malnutrition (lack of energy, carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, and minerals)
• Emaciated, no edema
• Hair is dull and dry; skin is thin and wrinkled

Answer 25

Marasmus

Question 26

• Sudden or recent lack of proteincontaining food; affects children and adults
• Fat accumulates in the liver, and lack of protein and hormones results in edema, painful skin lesions, and changes in pigmentation of skin and hair
• High mortality rate

Answer 26

Kwashiorkor