Thrapeutic Diets Flashcards
- Balanced diet usually used for ambulatory
patients - At times it has a slightly reduced caloric
content - Foods such as rich desserts, cream sauces,
salad dressings and fried foods may be
decreased or omitted
Regular Diet
- Nutritionally inadequate and should only be
used for short periods of time - Uses:
– After surgery or a heart attack
– Pts with acute infections or digestive problems
– To replace fluids lost by vomiting or diarrhea
– Before some Xrays of digestive tract
Liquid Diets
*Purpose – relieve thirst and maintain balance
*Uses – post surgically and after vomiting/ diarrhea
*Water, apple or grape juice, fat-free broths, plain gelatin, popsicles, ginger ale, tea,
coffee
Clear liquid diet
*Purpose - Provide an adequately nutritious diet for patients who cannot chew or who are
too ill to do so (but low in iron & protein)
*Use – GI upsets, after surgery as a progression from clear liquids
*Everything on clear liquid diet plus strained soups and cereals, fruit and vegetable juices,
yogurt, hot cocoa, custard, ice cream, pudding, sherbet, strained vegetable juices and eggnog
Full liquid diet
- Similar to regular diet but foods must require little chewing and be easy to digest
- Avoid meat and shellfish with tough connective tissue, coarse cereals, rich desserts, fried foods, hard-raw fruits and veggies, nuts, and coconuts
Uses:
– After surgery
– Patients with infections
– Digestive disorders or chewing problems
Soft Diet
- Used for pts who are underweight, or who
have anorexia nervosa, hyperthyroidism, or cancer - Extra proteins and carbs are included
- Avoid high-bulk foods such as green salads, watermelon and fibrous fruits
- Avoid high-fat foods such as fried foods, rich pastries, and cheese cake because they digest
slowly and spoil appetite
High-Calorie Diet
- Diet contains exchange lists
– Goods are grouped according to type, nutrients,
and calories
– Pts are allowed a certain number of items from
each exchange list according to individual needs - Avoid sugar-heavy foods such as candy, softdrinks, desserts, cookies, syrup, honey, condensed milk, sugared gum, jams, and
jellies - Foods Allowed : coffee, tea, broth, spices and lavoring can be used as desired ( choose
foods with low glycemic index)
Diabetic Diet
- Used for pts who are overweight
- Avoid or limit high calories foods such as:
– Butter, cream, whole milk, cream soups or
gravies, sweet soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, salad dressings, fatty meats, candy and rich desserts
Low-Calorie Diet
- Used for pts with gallbladder and liver disease, obesity, and certain heart diseases
- Avoid cream, whole milk, cheese, fats, fatty meats, rich desserts, chocolate, fried foods,
salad dressings, nuts, and coconut
Fat Restricted or Low-Fat Diet
- Restricts foods containing cholesterol
- Used for pts with atherosclerosis and heart disease
- Limit foods high in saturated fats such as beef,
liver, pork, lamb, egg yolk, cream, cheese, natural cheeses, shellfish, whole milk, and coconut and palm oil products
Low Cholesterol Diet
- Used for pts with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension or congestive heart disease,
kidney disease, and edema - Avoid or limit addition of salt to any food, smoked meats or fish, processed foods, pickles, sauerkraut, olives, and processed
cheeses
Low Sodium or Low Salt Diet
- Used for pts with certain kidney diseases and for certain allergic conditions
- Regular diet with limited or decreased protein
rich foods
Low Protein Diet
- Used for children and adolescents who need
additional growth, pregnant or lactating women, before and/or after surgery, pts suffering from burns, fevers, or infections - Regular diet with added protein rich foods such as meats, fish, milk, cheese, and eggs
High Protein Diet
- Consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract
- Used for pts with ulcers and other digestive
diseases - Avoid coarse foods, fried foods, highly seasoned foods, pastries, spicy, gas forming, raw fruits and veggies, alcohol, carbonated beverages, nuts, coffee, tea, smoked and salted meats and fish,
very hot & very cold drinks
Bland Diet
- Used for pts with digestive and rectal diseases such as colitis or diarrhea
- Eliminates or limits foods high in bulk or fiber such as raw fruits and veggies, whole grains
and cereals, nuts, seeds, beans and peas, coconut, and fried foods
Low Residue Diet
