Lesson 3

Question 1

when an argument has true premises, and is strong, what does that mean?

Answer 1

this means the argument is deductively sound or inductively cogent

Question 2

what is a red herring?

Answer 2

an irrelevant premise

Question 3

what are the three objective ways to evaluate an argument?

Answer 3

1. Determine if the proposition is true or false
2. Check to see if the conclusion follows from the premise
3. Determine if the premises are relevant or irrelevant

Question 4

What is a tautology

Answer 4

A proposition that is necessarily true (impossible for it to be false)

Question 5

Can a false premise be relevant to a conclusion

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

what are the problems with the first definition of relevance (or the support definition?)

Answer 6

1. it is vague
2. it only says the premises that increase the likelihood of the conclusion are relevant

Question 7

what is the summated explanation of the support definition of relevance?

Answer 7

it implies that a premise is only relevant if it has any influence positive or negative over the likelihood of the conclusion

Question 8

What is the first definition of relevance called?

Answer 8

The support definition

Question 9

what is the support definition of relevance

Answer 9

it states that the premise of an argument count is relevant to its conclusion when it provides some support for the conclusion

Question 10

what is the second definition of relevance called?

Answer 10

The federal rules definition

Question 11

What is the federal rules? Definition of relevance?

Answer 11

1. evidence is relevant if it has the tendency to make a fact more or less PROBABLE than it would be without the evidence
   2.the fact is of consequence, and determining the action

Question 12

what is the problem with the federal rules? Definition of relevance

Answer 12

The problem is that it only applies to inductive arguments and does not apply to deductive arguments

Question 13

True, or false, if removing a premise from a valid argument, turns the valid argument into an invalid argument. Then the premise is relevant to the conclusion.

Answer 13

true

Question 14

is the premises relevant to the conclusion P1 :all balls are red C :therefore this ball is red

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

is the premises relevant to the conclusion P1: I found a penny on the ground C: therefore I will win the lottery today.

Answer 15

no

Question 16

can a proposition be relevant independent of any relation to a conclusion

Answer 16

no, a proposition cannot be relevant without being relevant in relation to something

Question 17

can false premises be relevant?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

True or false according to the preferred definition of validity, deductively valid arguments cannot have irrelevant premises

Answer 18

false

Question 19

what are inductive arguments?

Answer 19

conclusions that probabilistically follow, rather than necessarily

Question 20

When is a premise in an argument irrelevant to its conclusion

Answer 20

when it is not relevantly related to the conclusion