Lesson 3

Question 1

What are the 3 major division of the brain?

Answer 1

cerebral cortex, subcortical structures, brain stem and cerebellum

Question 2

true or false? if false, correct the statement

the cerebral cortex is the outer areas, the subcortical structures are the inner areas, and the brain stem + cerebellum are deep structures

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Fill in the blank:

top of the brain:
bottom of the brain:
back of the brain:
front of the brain:
middle of the brain:
to the side of the brain:

Answer 3

dorsal
ventral
posterior
anterior
medial
lateral

Question 4

regions of indentation of brain are called?

Answer 4

sulcus

Question 5

regions of the bumps that come out are called?

Answer 5

gyrus

Question 6

gray matter is primarily what?

Answer 6

dendrites and cell bodies

Question 7

is gray matter lighter or darker in an MRI scan?

Answer 7

darkers

Question 8

white matter is primarily what?

Answer 8

myelinated axons

Question 9

is white matter lighter or darker in an MRI scan?

Answer 9

lighter

Question 10

What are the shallower groovers between gyri?

Answer 10

sulci

Question 11

What are the larger grooves dividing the brain into lobes or hemispheres, such as the
longitudinal or interhemispheric fissure

Answer 11

fissures

Question 12

what is the biggest connection between the two hemispheres of the brain?

Answer 12

the corpus callosum

Question 13

Label

Answer 13

1. sylvian fissure
2. central sulcus

Question 14

What are two other small areas that connect the two hemispheres?

Answer 14

the anterior and posterior commissure

Question 15

is type of matter is the corpus callosum? what is its role?

Answer 15

white matter; creates fast communication between the right and left hemispheres

Question 16

true or false? if false, correct the statement

X,Y,Z coordinates sagittal, coronal, axial

Answer 16

true

Question 17

horizontal or axial is the __ axis

Answer 17

z

Question 18

sagittal is the __ axis

Answer 18

x

Question 19

coronal is the __ axis

Answer 19

y

Question 20

__ axis increases from
left to right

Answer 20

x

Question 21

___ axis increases from
posterior to anterior

Answer 21

y

Question 22

__ axis increases from
ventral to dorsal

Answer 22

z

Question 23

what coordinates if the anterior commissure?

Answer 23

0,0,0

Question 24

Brodmann’s map is ___ areas based on __ _____, _______, and _____

Answer 24

52; cell morphology, density and layering

Question 25

what is another way we divide the brain?

Answer 25

by the mircoanatomy

Question 26

where are pyramidal cells are found?

Answer 26

cortex

Question 27

where are association cells are found?

Answer 27

thalamus

Question 28

how many layers does the cortex have?

Answer 28

6

Question 29

where are motor neurons are found?

Answer 29

spinal cord

Question 30

where are somatosensory cells are found?

Answer 30

skin

Question 31

where are purkinje cells are found?

Answer 31

cerebellum

Question 32

true or false? if false, explain why Gyri divide the brain into lobes or hemispheres

Answer 32

False; Fissures and Sulci are the grooves that divide the brain into hemispheres and lobes. Gyri refers to the protruding tissue between the sulci

Question 33

Brodmann created a map of the brain based on ____

Answer 33

Cell morphology, density and layering

Question 34

what are the major subcortical strctures?

Answer 34

cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus

Question 35

what area is involved with cognitive control, error detection, conflict monitoring?

Answer 35

cingulate cortex

Question 36

what area is involved with long-term memory, spatial navigation?

Answer 36

hippocampus

Question 37

what area is involved with emotion processing, memory for emotive stimuli?

Answer 37

amygdala

Question 38

what area is involved with a relay station for all of the senses regulation of sleep and arousal?

Answer 38

thalamus

Question 39

what area is involved with reward processing, action?

Answer 39

basal ganglia

Question 40

What areas make up the basal ganglia?

Answer 40

putamen, (lateral and medial) globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra

Question 41

which structure within the basal ganglia produces most of the dopamine for the brain?

Answer 41

substantia nigra

Question 42

what area is known as the "gateway to the cortex"?

Answer 42

thalamus

Question 43

what is the cerebellum important for?

Answer 43

-posture maintenance -walking -coordinated movements

Question 44

What areas make up the brain stem?

Answer 44

superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, medullar oblongata, pons

Question 45

which area is responsible for visual processing?

Answer 45

superior colliculus

Question 46

which area is responsible for auditory processing?

Answer 46

inferior colliculus

Question 47

which area is responsible for relaying signals (brain-spinal cord), controls autonomic functions (heart/glands)?

Answer 47

medulla oblongata

Question 48

Which area is responsible for relays sensory information (brain-cerebellum) controls arousal regulates respiration?

Answer 48

pons

Question 49

A patient has great difficulty in maintaining his posture, walking, and coordinating his movements. His brain injuries probably involve the ______

Answer 49

cerebellum

Question 50

This brain structure is often called the gateway to the cortex because almost all sensory inputs synapse here before continuing to their primary cortical sensory areas.

Answer 50

thalamus

Question 51

All of the structures listed here are major components of the basal ganglia EXCEPT the

Answer 51

amygdala