Lesson #3 Flashcards by Brooks Beyerlein

AIDS/acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Human disease that interferes with the human immune system

Spread through sexual transmission and through blood

Transmission is through blood or bodily fluids. I spread through blood contact or sexual contact

Prevention standard precautions

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Airborne precautions

Measures used to protect against disease that are transmitted through the air

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Aseptic

Free or freed from the pathogenic microorganisms…..free from contamination

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Blood-borne pathogens

Micro organisms in human blood which can cause infection and disease in humans

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Body fluids

Saliva, sputum, urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions and pus

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Causative agent

A biological agent/pathogen that causes a disease

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CDC/Center for disease control and prevention

Federal agency the issues guidelines to protect and improve health

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Chain of infection

An illustration to describe how disease is transmitted from one person to another

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Clostridium Difficile (C-Diff)

Bacteria which causes severe watery diarrhea and other intestinal disease when competing bacteria have been wiped out by antibiotics

Transmission is through spores which may survive up to six months on objects

Prevention is through contact precautions that require caregiver to wash hands with soap and hot water

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Contact precautions

Measures used when there is a risk of transmitting or contracting a micro organism from touching infected object or person

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Direct contact

Touching infected person or his or her secretions

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Disinfect

Process used to decrease the spread of pathogen’s by destroying them.

Chemicals are often used in this process

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Disposable

A product design for short term or single term use

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Droplet precautions

Measures used to protect against disease causing microorganisms that do not stay airborne and only travel a short distance

Surgical Masks

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Hand hygiene

Washing hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub

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Healthcare associated infection/nosocomial infection

Infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare setting

Catheter infection…blood stream infection…surgical site infection

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Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver caused by infection

Transmission is from fecal to oral matter, contaminated blood or needles, sexual intercourse

Prevention is When the caregiver wash his hands with soap and hot water

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Indirect contact

Transmission of the disease without physical contact.

Example touching a common objects

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Infection control

Methods used to control and prevent the spread of germs that are present in the environment

Influenza

Infectious disease caused by a virus

Most common symptoms are chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, fatigue and general discomfort

Transmitted through direct or indirect contact. Is airborne when a person coughs, sneezes or talks

Prevention is with standard precautions, droplet precautions and frequent handwashing

Isolation

To separate or isolate a person that has a harmful microorganisms and prevent the spread to other residents

Jaundice

Yellow/gold tent to the skin and eyes off and seeing liver disease such as hepatitis or liver cancer

Localized infection

Infection of a specific body part

Methicillin resistant staph Aureus MRSA

Antibiotic resistant infection often acquired in hospitals and other facilities.

Often spread by physical contact

Transmission is through direct or indirect contact

I convention is standard precaution droplet precautions and respiratory precautions are taken

Mode of transmission

How the pathogen travels from one person to another Transmission can’t happen to air or through direct or indirect contact

OSHA/occupational safety and health administration

Federal agency that protect workers from hazards on the job

Pathogen

A harmful microorganisms that causes sickness

Pediculosis

Infestation of lice Transmission can be direct or indirect contact. Usually spread through combs hats and linens Prevention is with contact precautions

PPE/personal protective equipment

Barrier between a person in a potentially harmful micro organism

portal of entry

The way the pathogen enters the body. For example mouth, nose, skin breaks, urinary tract

Portal of exit

The way the pathogen leaves the body For example urine, feces, saliva, tears, drainage from moons, sores, blood, respiratory tract

Reservoir

Where pathogen lives in multiplies

Scabies

A contagious skin infection that occurs among humans and other animals Small organisms which Burroughs under the host skin causing intense itching Transmission direct and indirect contact from sharing items Prevention is with contact precautions

Standard precautions

Treating all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin and mucus as if they were infected

Sterilization

Techniques that destroy all micro organisms

Susceptible host

The person that could be infected easily For example the elderly, people not in good health, and people who do not take proper infection precautions

Systematic infection

Infection that occurs when pathogens enter the bloodstream and move throughout the body causing general symptoms

Transmission based precautions

Special precautions implemented on the basis of how the disease spreads

Tuberculosis

A bacterial infection that affects the lungs causing coughing and difficulty breathing,Fever and fatigue. It is an airborne disease carried on droplets in the air Transmission is with respiratory Prevention is with airborne precautions and relocating the person to a private environment

VRE/Vancomycin Resistant enterococcus

Strain of enterococcus that cannot be controlled with antibiotics and it’s spread through direct/indirect contact Transmission is from direct or indirect contact Prevention is with standard precautions

How important is handwashing

It is the single most important infection control practice

What are the five moments recommended by the world health organization for hand hygiene?

1) Before resident/patient contact 2) Before aseptic task 3) After exposure to blood/body fluids 4) After resident/patient contact 5) After contact with resident/patient contact

What are The chain of infection links

Causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

What are some examples of how direct contact can spread infection

Touching, kissing, sexual contact, contact with secretions, body lesions

What are some examples of how indirect contact can spread infection

Contaminated surfaces like objects, surfaces, bugs