Lesson 3(Attitude)

Question 1

What is attitude?

Answer 1

judgments or evaluative statements—either favourable or
unfavourable—about objects, people, or events.

Question 2

What one the ABC’s of attitude?

Answer 2

Affective, cognitive and behavioral

Question 3

What are the 2 dimension of attitude?

Answer 3

favourable, unfavourable

Question 4

How does attitude affects behavior?

Answer 4

Your attitude predicts future behavior.

Question 5

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 5

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behaviour and attitudesatibility between two or more

Question 6

Why do people feel discomfort when experiencing cognitive dissonance?

Answer 6

Because people seek stable consistency among their attitudes and between their attitudes and their behavior

Question 7

Can be behavior alter attitude in cognitive dissonance?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

How to minimize the discomfort caused by coginitive disonance?

Answer 8

(1) altering their attitudes or behaviour; or
¡ (2) developing a rationalisation for the discrepancy

Question 9

What is organizational identification?

Answer 9

The extent to which employees define themselves by the same
characteristics that define their organisation

Question 10

Why do people seek to identify with organization?

Answer 10

To bolster their self-esteem.

Question 11

What are the four variation of identification?

Answer 11

• Identification
• Disidentification
• Ambivalent identification
• Neutral identification

Question 12

What are the negative impact of over identification?

Answer 12

• Behaving unethically on behalf of the organisation
• continuing to be committed to a failing project, and
• suppressing dissent in group decision-making

Question 13

What are the benefits of high organizational identification?

Answer 13

• Higher cooperation
• Higher effort
• Higher participation
• information sharing
• organisational citizenship behaviour

Question 14

What is job satisfaction?

Answer 14

Positive attitude or emotional state resulting from
the appraisal of one’s job or job experience

Question 15

What the 2 types of measurement of job satisfaction?

Answer 15

Overall satisfaction and facet satisfaction

Question 16

What at the 3 ways to measure job satisfaction?

Answer 16

Faces scale, five item scale and Job Descriptive Index(JDI)

Question 17

Which job satisfaction measure measures the facets of job satisfaction?

Answer 17

Job Descriptive Indicator

Question 18

What are the outcomes of job satisfaction?

Answer 18

• Higher performance
• Higher Commitment
• Less counterproductive behavior
• fewer occupational injuries
• higher customer satisfaction
• higher profit
• higher general life satisfaction and feelings of well-being

Question 19

How would employees respond to job dissatisfaction?

Answer 19

1. Exit
2. Voice
3. Loyalty
4. Neglect

Question 20

Why are the 2 types of antecedents that explain job satisfaction?

Answer 20

1. Individual differences
2. Job circumstance

Question 21

What are the individual differences antecendents of job satisfaction?

Answer 21

• Genetic predisposition
• Core self-evaluations
• Personality

Question 22

What are the job circumstances antecendents of job satisfaction?

Answer 22

• Person-Environment fit
• Need, values and expectations
• fulfilment
• Equity in rewards
• Organisational justice
• Social influence
• Opportunity for growth

Question 23

How to increase job satisfaction?

Answer 23

• Hire “Satisfied” Employees (e.g., realistic job preview, P-E fit candidate)
• Eliminate Dissatisfiers (e.g., avoid inequity, improve work conditions)
• Express appreciation and provide proper feedback
• Increase opportunities to socialise
• Increase humour
• Have surprises (e.g., let everyone leave an hour early)
• Assign the right tasks to the right people (e.g., improve P-J fit)

Question 24

What is organisational commitment?

Answer 24

The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organisation and its goals, and wishes
to maintain membership in the organisation

Question 25

What are the three types of organisational commitment?

Answer 25

Affective commitment
Continuance commitment
Normative commitment

Question 26

What is employee engagement?

Answer 26

The degree to which a person feels invigorated , dedicated and absorbed in his or her work.

Question 27

What are the 3 attitude related behavior?

Answer 27

Organizational citizenship behavior
Counterproductive work behavior

Question 28

What are the 3 dimensions of employee engagement?

Answer 28

Vigor, dedication and absorption.

Question 29

What are the 5 dimensions of citizenship behaviour?

Answer 29

Altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy, sportsmanship and civic virtue.

Question 30

What are the reasons for employee absenteeism?

Answer 30

No consequences for attending or missing work
Illness and personal problems
Individual differences
Unique events

Other factors:
Alternative job availability
Numerous opportunities → high absenteeism
Few alternatives → dissatisfied employees have the same (low)rate of absence as satisfied employees
Guilty feeling:
Employee who were more prone to feeling guilty
were less likely to be absent

Question 31

What are the solution to absenteeism?

Answer 31

Rewards for attending
Financial incentives
Paid time off
Recognition programme
Discipline for not attempting to
Reducing employee stress
Reducing illness eg. Wellness programme

Question 32

What one the effects of employee commitments?

Question 33

What are the 3 dimensions of organization justice?

Answer 33

Distributive justice
Procedural justice
Interactional justice

Question 34

What are the outcome of low job satisfaction and commitment?

Answer 34

1) turnover intentions
2)actual turnover

Question 35

What are the visible cost of turnover?

Answer 35

Advertising charges
Agency fees
Referral bonuses
Staff time ＆benefits
*Processing applications
*Interviewing

Question 36

What are the hidden cost of turnover?

Answer 36

Loss of productivity
Inefficiency
Overtime
Training cost

Question 37

How to reduce turnover?

Answer 37

Match the market
Use job evaluation to ensure internal quality
Offer retention ／tenure bonuses(stay for pay)