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CS100 > Lesson 3: Evaluating Hardware: For Home and Work (part 1) > Flashcards

Lesson 3: Evaluating Hardware: For Home and Work (part 1) Flashcards

System Unit - Input

1
Q

A case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

A

The System Unit

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2
Q

The System Unit includes:

A
  1. Drive bay(s)
  2. Power supply
  3. Sound card
  4. Video card
  5. Processor
  6. Memory
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3
Q

The main circuit board of the system unit

A

Motherboard

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4
Q

A computer ____ contains integrated circuits

A

chip

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5
Q

Also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer

A

Processor

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6
Q

Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

A

Processor

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7
Q

The component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer

A

Control Unit

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8
Q

Performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

A

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

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9
Q

Processors begin fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction

A

Pipelining

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10
Q

Controls the timing of all computer operations

A

System clock

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11
Q

The pace of the system clock is called _____ and is measured in ______ (___)

A

clock speed…gigahertz (GHz)

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12
Q

A processor chip requires:

A
  1. Heat sinks
  2. Liquid cooling technology
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13
Q

Continuous and vary in strength and quality

A

Analog signals

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14
Q

These are in one of two states: on or off. Most computers are like this.

A

Digital signals

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15
Q

The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)

A

Bits and bytes

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16
Q

Represents a single character in the computer

A

A byte

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17
Q

The most widely used coding scheme to represent data

A

ACII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

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18
Q

Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data need by those instructions, and the results of processing.

A

Memory

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19
Q

Memory stores three basic categories of items:

A
  1. The operating system and other system software
  2. Application programs
  3. Data being processed and the resulting information
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20
Q

This is measured in kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)

A

Memory size

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21
Q

System unit contains two kinds of memory:

A
  1. Volatile memory
  2. Nonvolatile memory
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22
Q

Loses its contents when power is turned off

A

Volatile memory

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23
Q

Example includes RAM

A

Volatile memory

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24
Q

Doesn’t lose contents when power is removed

A

Nonvolatile memory

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25
Examples include ROM, flash memory, and CMOS
Nonvolatile memory
26
Three basic types of RAM chips:
1. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) 2. Static RAM (SRAM) 3. Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)
27
Usually reside on a memory module and are inserted into memory slots
RAM chips
28
This speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data
Memory cache
29
This refers tom memory chips storing permanent data and instructions
Read-only memory (ROM)
30
This is a blank ROM chip that can be written permamently
programmable read-only memory (PROM)
31
Can be erased electronically and rewritten
Flash memory
32
This provides high speeds and consumes little power
CMOS
33
The amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory
Access time
34
A socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card
Expansion slot
35
Enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals
Adapter card
36
The computer automatically can configure adapter cards and other peripherals as you install them
Plug and Play
37
Removable flash memory includes:
1. Memory cards 2. USB flash drives 3. PC cards/ExpressCard modules
38
The point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred to as a jack)
port
39
It joins a cable to a port
connector
40
You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB port with a
USB hub
41
1. Firewire port 2. Bluetooth port 3. SCSI port 4. eSATA port 5. IrDA port 6. Serial port 7. MIDI port
Other types of port
42
This allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other
Bus (data bus, address bus)
43
The number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time
Word size
44
1. PCI bus 2. PCI Express bus 3. Accelerated Graphics Port 4. USB and FireWire bus 5. PC Card bus
Common types of buses
45
An opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment
bay
46
Typically holds disk drives
drive bay
47
This converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power
power supply
48
Any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer
Input
49
An input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions to a computer
keyboard
50
Also known as the cursor, it is a symbol on the screen that indicates where the next character you type will appear
insertion point
51
An input device that allows a user to control a pointer on the screen
pointing device
52
A small symbol on the screen whose location and shape change as a user moves a pointing device
pointer
53
A pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably; can be wired or wireless
mouse
54
1. Trackball 2. Touchpad 3. Pointing Stick
Other pointing devices:
55
A touch-sensitive display device
touch screen
56
The input device of video games and computer games
game controller
57
A mobile device that allows users to take pictures and store them digitally
digital camera (studio, field, and point-and-shoot)
58
Two factors that affect the quality of digicam photos:
1. Resolution 2. Number of bits stored in each pixel
59
The process of entering input by speaking into a microphone
Voice input
60
The computer's capability of distinguishing spoken words
Voice recognition
61
The process of entering any sound into the computer
Audio input
62
The process of capturing full-motion images and storing them on a computer's storage medium
Video input
63
A meeting between two or more geographically separated people
video conference
64
1. Flatbed 2. Pen or Handheld 3. Sheet-fed 4. Drum
Scanners and Reading Devices
65
Involves reading characters from ordinary documents
Optical character recognition (OCR)
66
A document that has been output from a computer with some extra information added to it and return to the company that creates and sends it. (ex: credit cards)
turnaround document
67
Reads hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles (not to be confused with OCR)
Optical mark recognition (OMR)
68
Uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object
RFID (radio frequency identification)
69
Read the magnetic stripe on cards such as credit cards, entertainment cards, bank cards, etc
Magnetic stripe card readers
70
It reads text printed with magnetized ink; banking industry uses this for check processing
MICR (magnetic ink character recognition)
71
Converts MICR characters into a form the computer can process
MICR reader
72
Biometrics authenticates a person's identity by verifying a personal characteristic
Biometric Input
73
A computer than allows users to send data to and/or receive information from a host computer (ex: POS terminal, ATM, or DVD kiosk)
Terminals
74

CS100 (11 decks)

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