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CS100 > Lesson 8: Operating Systems: Managing, Coordinating, and Monitoring Resources > Flashcards

Lesson 8: Operating Systems: Managing, Coordinating, and Monitoring Resources Flashcards

1
Q

The software that runs a computer, including the operating system

A

System software

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2
Q

A set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer or mobile device hardware

A

Operating system (OS)

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3
Q

An operating system is also called a ______

A

platform

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4
Q

On mobile devices, the operating system may reside on ________ in the device

A

firmware

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5
Q

Firmware consists of ____ chips or flash memory chips that store permanent instructions

A

ROM

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6
Q

A collective term for all the ways you interact with the device

A

Graphical user interface (GUI)

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7
Q

A small picture that represents a program, file, or hardware device

A

Icon

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8
Q

A graphic you click to execute commands you need to work with an app, such as on a toolbar, taskbar, or the ribbon

A

Button

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9
Q

A list of related items, including folders, applications, and commands

A

Menu

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10
Q

A list of additional commands associated with the selected command on a menu

A

Submenu

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11
Q

A list of frequently used commands that relate to an object

A

Shortcut menu

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12
Q

A box with controls that lets you tell the operating system how you want to complete a command

A

Dialog box

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13
Q

Dialog box includes:

A
  1. Option boxes
  2. Check boxes
  3. List boxes
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14
Q

Apps or programs that enable you to perform maintenance-type tasks related to managing the computer or device

A

Utilities

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15
Q

This type of OS does not always process tasks on a first-come, first-served basis.

A

Multiuser operating system

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16
Q

The components required to perform work, including the processor, RAM, storage space, and connected devices

A

Resources

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17
Q

The storage location that temporarily stores open apps and document data while a computer or device is on

A

RAM

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18
Q

Frequently used instructions and data are stored in a _______

A

cache

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19
Q

The operating system can allocate a portion of a storage medium, such as a hard disk, to become ____________ to function as additional RAM

A

virtual memory

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20
Q

This allows an operating system to temporarily store data on a storage medium until it can be “swapped” into RAM

A

Virtual memory

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21
Q

The amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time

A

Page

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22
Q

The technique of swapping items between memory and storage is called __________

23
Q

When an operating system spends more of its time paging instead of executing apps, the whole system slows down and it is said to be ______

24
Q

An area of memory that stores data and information waiting to be sent to an input or output device

25
Placing data into a buffer is called _______
spooling
26
By sending data to a _________, the operating system frees up resources to perform other tasks while the data waits to be processed
buffer
27
This type of OS allows only one program or app to run at a time
Single-tasking OS
28
This type of OS allows two or more programs or apps to reside in memory at the same time
Multitasking OS
29
The one in the _______ is the active program
foreground
30
The other programs running but not in use are in the __________
background
31
OS such as UNIX and Linux function as both desktop and server operating systems sometimes are called ___________
multipurpose operating systems
32
1. Windows 2. macOS 3. UNIX 4. Linux 5. Chrome OS
Desktop OS
33
1. Windows Server 2. macOS Server 3. UNIX 4. Linux
Server OS
34
1. Google Android 2. Apple iOS 3. Windows (Mobile Edition)
Mobile OS
35
An OS installed on a single computer is called a ________ OS or a desktop OS
personal computer (PC)
36
Desktop OS are sometimes called _______ systems or client operating systems
stand-alone
37
A multiuser operating system that controls a single, centralized server computer that supports many users on networked computers
Server operating system
38
The practice of sharing computer resources, such as servers or storage devices, among computers and devices on a network
Virtualization
39
Is focused on the needs of a mobile user and the capabilities of the device
Mobile operating system
40
Programs that keep all or some of the code hidden, enabling developers to control and profit from the program they create
Closed source programs
41
Programs that have no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification and redistribution
Open source programs
42
A program that runs only in a specific type or make of computer or mobile device
Device-dependent program
43
Privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model
Proprietary software
44
OS that recognize and work with applications written for an earlier version of the operating system (or platform)
Backward compatible
45
An application may or may not be _____________, meaning it may or may not run on newer versions of an OS
upward compatible
46
A collection of information stored on your computer, such as text document, spreadsheet, photo, and song
File
47
Three or four letter sequence, preceded by a period, at the end of a file name that identifies its type of document
File extension
48
1. Microsoft Office: .docx (Word), ______ (Excel), .pptx (PowerPoint) 2. Text file: .txt, ______ 3. Webpage: .htm or .html, .xml, ______ or .aspx, .css 4. Graphics: .jpg, .png, .gif
1. .xlsx 2. .rtf 3. .asp
49
A special folder that catalogues specific files and folders in a central location, regardless of where the items are actually stored on your device
Library
50
An interface that enables you to train it to respond to your gestures and voice commands
Natural user interface (NUI)
51
Enables a computer or device to run another operating system in addition to the one installed
Virtual machine (VM)
52
Also called a volume, it is a section of a hard drive that functions like a separate drive
Partition
53
1. File management 2. Search 3. Image viewer/gallery 4. Uninstaller 5. Disk cleanup 6. Lock screen 7. File compression 8. Maintenance 9. Backup 10. Power management
Administrative utilities
54
1. Firewall 2. Automatic updating 3. Antivirus software 4. Spyware and malware detection software 5. Manage user account
Operating System's Security Utilities

CS100 (11 decks)

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