Lesson 4

Question 1

___________ is defined as all of the physical components of a computer.

Answer 1

Computer hardware

Question 2

___________ a machine that uses electronic components and instructions to the
components to perform calculations, repetitive and complex procedures, process
text, and manipulate data and signals.

Answer 2

Computer

Question 3

The basic hardware of a computer composes the computer’s architecture, and includes the ____________, __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________

Answer 3

electronic circuits,
microchips
processors
random access memory (RAM) read-only memory (ROM)
graphic and sound cards.

Question 4

___________ is a thin, flat sheet made of a firm, nonconducting material on
which the internal components—printed circuits, chips, slots, and so on—of the computer are mounted.

Answer 4

Motherboard

Question 5

The motherboard is made of a __________ or ___________.

Answer 5

dielectric or nonconducting plastic material

Question 6

The motherboard’s storage media is called __________.

Answer 6

Memory

Question 7

refers to the electronic storage devices or chips on the motherboard of a
computer.

Answer 7

Memory

Question 8

There are three key types of memory in a computer.

Answer 8

• read-only memory (ROM), the
• main memory known as random access memory (RAM)
• cache.

Question 9

is a form of permanent storage in the computer. It carries instructions that allow the computer to be booted
(started), and other essential machine instructions. Its programming is stored by the manufacturer and cannot be changed by the user.

Answer 9

Read-only memory (ROM)

Question 10

Refers to working memory used for primary storage. It is used as temporary storage.

Also known as main memory, it can be accessed, used, changed, and written on
repeatedly.

is the work area available to the CPU for all processing applications.

Answer 10

Random access memory (RAM)

Question 11

is a smaller form of RAM. Its purpose is to speed up processing
by storing frequently called items in a small, rapid access memory
location.

Answer 11

Cache

Question 12

These devices are wired to a controller that is plugged into the slots or circuit boards of the computer.

Answer 12

Input and output devices

Question 13

These devices allow the computer to receive information
from the outside world.

Answer 13

Input Devices

Question 14

Input Devices in Healthcare

Answer 14

In healthcare computing, many medical devices serve as input devices. For example, the electrodes placed on a patient’s body provide input to the computerized physiologic monitors. The oximetry device placed on a patient’s finger uses light waves to detect impulses that are sent to a computer and then interpreted as oxygen
levels in the blood. Voice systems allow the nurse to speak into a microphone (which is the input device) to record data, submit laboratory orders, or request information from the computer. In radiology, most machines today input images from the X-Ray machines to a computer rather than storing them on film. In fact, the most advanced imaging machines could not exist without computer technology. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans and medical resonance imaging (MRI) machines are the
best-known computerized imaging devices, but most of the radiology applications today are computerized.

Question 15

These devices allow the computer to report its results
to the external world. these devices are defined as any equipment that translates the computer information into something readable by
people or other machines.

Answer 15

Output Devices

Question 16

Output Devices in healthcare

Answer 16

In healthcare settings, a variety of medical devices serve as output devices. Heart monitors are output devices recording and displaying heart rhythm patterns, and
initiating alarms when certain conditions are met. Volumetric infusion pump output includes both images on a screen and fluids infused into the patient’s body. The pump delivers a specific volume of IV fluids based on commands that the nurse inputs so the ordered fluid volume will be infused in the correct time period.

Question 17

includes the main memory but also external devices on which programs and data are stored.

Answer 17

Storage

Question 18

most common storage device is the computer’s __________.

Answer 18

Hard Drive

Question 19

___________ and _____________are
magnetic storage media

Answer 19

hard drive and diskettes

Question 20

____________ and ____________ are a form of optical storage.

Answer 20

DVDs and CD-ROMs

Question 21

Optical
media are read by a ___________ rather than a magnet.

Answer 21

Laser “eye”

Question 22

is a peripheral device that has very high speed and high density

Answer 22

Hard Drive

Question 23

is actually a form of a small, removable hard drive that is inserted into the USB port of the computer.

Answer 23

USB flash drive

Question 24

The largest type of computer is the ____________.

Answer 24

supercomputer

Question 25

The supercomputer was first developed by _____________ in _____________, the early super- computer research, development, and production were carried out by Cray Corporation or one of its affiliates (Cray Corp, 2014).

Answer 25

Seymour Cray in 1972

Question 26

is a computational- oriented computer specially designed for scientific applications requiring a gigantic amount of calculations that to be useful, must be processed at superfast speeds.

Answer 26

supercomputer

Question 27

The computers discussed so far are ____________ because the user can program them to process all types of problems and can solve any problem that can be broken down into a set of logical sequential instructions.

Answer 27

General Purpose Machines

Question 28

These are designed to do only a very few different types of tasks. A category that includes the tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and smartphones.

Answer 28

Special Purpose Machines

Question 29

It is the most common fast, large, and expensive type of computer used in large businesses (including hospitals and other large healthcare facilities) for processing, storing, and retrieving data. It is a large multiuser central computer that meets the computing needs of large- and medium-sized public and private organizations.

Answer 29

Mainframe Computer

Question 30

These are used for processing the large amount of repetitive calculations involved in handling billing, payroll, inventory control, and business operations computing.

Answer 30

Mainframe Computer

Question 31

In hospitals, mainframe computers are often used to support the entire Hospital Information Technology (HIT) system, also known as the __________, purchased from one of the 30 or so large HIT vendors. The HIT includes not only business and nursing operations, but also supports many clinical systems.

Answer 31

Hospital Information System (HIS)

Question 32

These are found in educational and research settings, where they are used to conduct a multitude of special educational and scientific functions.

Answer 32

Microcomputers

Question 33

are also available as portable or laptop computers, and as notebook, tablet, and hand-held computers. Laptop computers are highly portable because they are much smaller than the standard desktop microcomputers.

Answer 33

Microcomputers

Question 34

are small, special function computers, although a few “full function” handheld computers were introduced in the late 1990s. Even though they are smaller in size than the laptop and notebook microcomputers, some have claimed to have almost the same functionality and processing capabilities. More popular are the palm-sized computers, including personal digital assistants (PDAs), which are the smallest of the handheld computers. Originally sold as isolated devices, today virtually all PDAs are combined with telephone functionality and sold as smartphones.

Answer 34

Handheld computers

Question 35

Smartphones are __________ and owned by a huge number of people worldwide, from the slums of South Africa to business people in the most developed countries.

Answer 35

ubiquitous

Question 36

DIGITAL HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM INTERFACE Securely store and retrieve patient medical data.

Answer 36

Electronic Health Records (EHRs)

Question 37

DIGITAL HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM INTERFACE Provide evidence-based recommendations during care.

Answer 37

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)

Question 38

DIGITAL HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM INTERFACE Enhance communication and medication adherence.

Answer 38

Mobile Health Apps

Question 39

DIGITAL HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM INTERFACE Deliver remote care and consultations.

Answer 39

Telehealth Technologies

Question 40

T or F : Information without interpretation is merely data

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Transforming raw data into meaningful insights through data analysis and visualization. Identify trends, patterns, and risks in patient populations.

Answer 41

Data Analytics

Question 42

Identifying trends, patterns, and potential risks in patient populations. Analyze vast datasets to predict health outcomes and personalize care.

Answer 42

Machine Learning

Question 43

Imagine a world where patient information is readily available, seamlessly shared, and instantly analyzed. Computer technology, particularly EHRs, transforms information management. Nurses can focus on patient care instead of cumbersome paperwork, improving accuracy, efficiency, and ultimately, patient outcomes.

Answer 43

Contributing to research and development of new healthcare interventions

Question 44

Empowering nurses to advocate for evidence-based practice and improved patient care. Develop and evaluate new technologies to improve patient care.

Answer 44

Nursing Informatics Research

Question 45

_____________ assist with diagnostics, treatment planning, and decision-making.

Answer 45

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Question 46

T or F : Computer science goes beyond data analysis

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Utilizing artificial intelligence __________ and __________ to support clinical decision-making.

Answer 47

(AI) and machine learning (ML)

Question 48

Developing and implementing __________ to reduce medical errors.

Answer 48

clinical decision support systems (CDSS)

Question 49

Employing __________ and __________ technologies to expand access to care.

Answer 49

telehealth and remote monitoring

Question 50

Imagine accessing patient information from any device, regardless of location. __________ makes this a reality, allowing nurses to seamlessly collaborate and share information across borders.

Answer 50

Cloud Computing

Question 51

__________ offer secure and scalable data storage, reducing IT costs for healthcare providers while ensuring robust data protection.

Answer 51

Cloud Platforms

Question 52

T or F : Cloud Computing enhances data security and privacy through robust cloud-based protection measures

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Access data and applications from anywhere, anytime.

Answer 53

Scalability and Accessibility

Question 54

Facilitate collaborative projects and data sharing across institutions.

Answer 54

Collaboration and Innovation

Question 55

Securely stores sensitive patient information in the cloud.

Answer 55

Enhanced Data Security

Question 56

Reduce IT infrastructure costs and maintenance needs.

Answer 56

Cost-Effectiveness