Lesson 4 Characteristics and Needs of Clients Processes, Methods and Tools

Question 1

4 Counseling Process

Answer 1

1. 𝗥elationship Building
2. 𝗣roblem Identification and Exploration
3. 𝗣lanning for the Problem Solving
4. 𝗦olution Application and Termination

Question 2

4 Counseling Strategies

Answer 2

1. 𝗥elationship Strategies
2. 𝗖ommunicating Strategies
3. 𝗔ssessment Strategies
4. 𝗜nsight Strategies

Question 3

Define Relationship Strategies

Answer 3

attending, accepting, empathic understanding, being genuine and transparent, respecting, listening, responding, caring, and ensuring emotional security of the client

Question 4

Define Communicating Strategies

Answer 4

𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗼 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗻𝗼𝗻-𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀, silence, clarifying, reflecting, inquiring, paraphrasing and summarizing.

Question 5

How does Planning for the Problem Solving works?

Answer 5

a. set a goal
b. identify and list all possible solutions
c. explore the consequences of the suggested solutions
d. prioritize the solution

Question 6

Steps in Problem Identification and Exploration

Answer 6

• Define the problem
• Explore the problems
• Integrate the information

Question 7

Define Assessment Strategies

Answer 7

𝗲𝘃𝗮𝗹𝘂𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 the 𝘤𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘵’𝘴 𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘶𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯, 𝘤𝘰𝘱𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘴, 𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘴𝘶𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦 𝘢𝘭𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘴 and 𝗱𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘳𝘦𝘧𝘦𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘴

Question 8

Define Insight Strategies

Answer 8

𝗳𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 the discovery of conflicts, 𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗴 the client understand conscious, unconscious and altered conscious thoughts.

Question 9

8 Counseling Skills

Answer 9

• Listening Skills
• Leading Skills
• Reflecting Skills
• Summarizing Skills
• Confronting Skills
• Interpretative Skills
• Informing Skills
• Teaching Coping Skills

Question 10

Define Listening Skills

Answer 10

𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗿 𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 verbal and nonverbal behaviors of client and 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘀 to the basic messages of client, 𝗰𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗲𝘀 content and emotions and 𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗰𝗸𝘀 the client’s perceptions for accuracy

Question 11

Define Leading Skills

Answer 11

𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 the counseling interview, 𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀 and 𝗲𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 discussions, 𝗳𝗼𝗰𝘂𝘀𝗲𝘀 on the issue by controlling confusion or diffusion, 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘀 open and closed inquiries through unstructured strategy of questioning

Question 12

Define Reflecting Skills

Answer 12

𝗿𝗲𝗳𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗳𝗲𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀 as 𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘥𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘵’𝘴 𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯, 𝗿𝗲𝗳𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝘢𝘴 𝘩𝘦 𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘤𝘰𝘳𝘦𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘢𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘮𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘨𝘦𝘴, and 𝗿𝗲𝗳𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝘢𝘴 𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘯𝘥𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘤𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘵’𝘴 𝘵𝘰𝘵𝘢𝘭 𝘦𝘹𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦

Question 13

Define Summarizing Skills

Answer 13

putting the client’s messages and emotions together to make a total picture.

Question 14

Define Confronting Skills

Answer 14

recognizes and describes feelings, reacts to client’s expressions and emotions, screens and pinpoints feelings, promotes self-confrontation, and facilitates the loosening of the client’s feelings.

Question 15

Define Interpretative Skills

Answer 15

facilitates awareness as he symbolizes the client’s messages and emotions for a wider understanding of feelings and for broader perceptions

Question 16

Define Informing Skills

Answer 16

gives valid information based on research and expertise and discusses with the client alternatives for possible solution of problems or possible ways of attending the client’s concerns.

Question 17

Define Teaching Coping Skills

Answer 17

encourages client to learn effective ways of solving his problems by creating conditions on how to solve his problems by using his own resources

Question 18

7 Counseling Tools

Answer 18

• Observation
• Inventories/Questionnaires
• Autobiographical sketches
• Case Study
• Assessment
• Anecdotal Records
• Psychological Interview

Question 19

Examples of Counseling Tools

Answer 19

• Therapeutic Dream Catchers
• Art Therapy

Question 20

10 Counseling Services

Answer 20

• Individual Counseling
• Group Counseling
• Career Counseling
• Couple Counseling
• Family Counseling
• Community Referrals
• Assessment
• Training
• Consultation
• Research

Question 21

Define Individual Counseling

Answer 21

confidential short-term therapy available to all clients/students.

Question 22

The initial appointment in individual counseling will ___ ____ if short-term individual counseling is recommended, and an ____ will be made with a staff member as soon as possible.

Answer 22

The initial appointment will 𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗽 𝗰𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗳𝘆 if short-term individual counseling is recommended, and an 𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 will be made with a staff member as soon as possible.

Question 23

Client’s Issues involved in Individual Counseling

Answer 23

• roommate difficulties
• loneliness
• anxiety
• low self-esteem
• disordered eating
• stress management
• abuse issues
• Procrastination
• family problems
• interpersonal conflicts
• difficulty in intimate relationships
• questions about sexuality or sexual orientation
• depression
• cultural or ethnic concerns
• achievement conflicts
• concerns about use of alcohol or drugs
• gender identity questions

Question 24

Define Group Counseling

Answer 24

There are a variety of counseling groups to help clients/students find a forum of peer support and meet with other clients/students who can relate to one another

Question 25

Define Career Counseling

Answer 25

offered in either individual or group formats to assist students with academic and career issues

Question 26

Define Couple Counseling

Answer 26

is offered in either one couple or group of couples to assist in their relationship conflicts or marital issues

Question 27

Define Family Counseling

Answer 27

offered to families experiencing problems with child rearing or discipline, parent-child relationship conflict and dysfunctional issues like domestic violence and abuse.

Question 28

Counseling strategies should focus on _________________ for his or other’s good, not on __________.

Answer 28

Counseling strategies should focus on 𝗱𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮 𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁’𝘀 𝗮𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘂𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗽𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹𝘀 for his or other’s good, not on 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗴𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝘁𝗼 𝘃𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘁 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗵𝗶𝗺 𝘁𝗼 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁 𝗱𝗲𝗲𝗽𝗹𝘆.

Question 29

Coping Skills

Answer 29

- 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 Skills - 𝗖𝗼𝗴𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 Skills - 𝗦𝘂𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 Skills - 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 Skills - 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗲𝗺-𝘀𝗼𝗹𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 Skills - 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗙𝗲𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀

Question 30

Define Perceptual Skills

Answer 30

Guides client to 𝘀𝗲𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝘀𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗰𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 and to analyze the situations with the 𝗲𝗻𝗱-𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘇𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝘀𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗲𝗺𝘀

Question 31

Define Cognitive Skills

Answer 31

Helps client 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 and 𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳-𝗱𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴

Question 32

Define Support Network

Answer 32

Helps the client 𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗴𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗱𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘀𝘂𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁

Question 33

Define Stress Managament Skills

Answer 33

Reduces the 𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁’𝘀 𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳 and 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀

Question 34

Define Problem Solving Skills

Answer 34

Introduces and increases problem solving competence 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗲𝗺 𝘀𝗼𝗹𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗺𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀

Question 35

Define Description and Expression of Feelings

Answer 35

𝗜𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁’𝘀 𝗲𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 such as anger, fear, guilt, love and joy

Question 36

9 Selected Techniques

Answer 36

- Living and Learning Through Loss - Life Style Approach - Life Review - Fantasy Therapy - Play Therapy - Family Therapy - Metaphor - Imagery - Stress Care

Question 37

Living and Learning Through Loss

Answer 37

an 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻-𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗱 and 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 for adolescents who are in the midst of coping with significant life change events like loss of a loved one or any family member

Question 38

Define Life Style Approach

Answer 38

an assessment technique used for adolescents and adults 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝟴 𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗲𝘀 𝗴𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗼𝗻𝗲’𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘁𝘆𝗹𝗲

Question 39

Under Life Style Approach, what are 8 avenues giving information about one’s lifestyle. Define each.

Answer 39

- 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 – knowing the client - 𝗣𝘀𝘆𝗰’𝗹 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴 – talking to client - 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗼𝗿 – observing client - 𝗣𝘀𝘆𝗰’𝗹 𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 – measuring the client - 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 – social influence - 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 – finding out client’s meaning of life - 𝗚𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗴 – interacting with client - 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗯𝗲𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗼𝗿 – knowing the client’s tell-tale signs

Question 40

emphasizes the interrelatedness of man as a social being with personal social problems

Answer 40

Life Style Approach

Question 41

Define Life Review

Answer 41

the 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗱𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽 𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗼𝗻𝗲’𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗯𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗰𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 such as critical changes in lifestyle, aging, retirement, loss of loved one or one’s own approaching death

Question 42

Fantasy Therapy

Answer 42

use to make contact with unavailable person, unfinished events or business, feelings that are resisted

Question 43

Life Review helps in ______________ and unable to ______

Answer 43

helps in facing critical developmental issues and problems such as low self-concept or low self-esteem and unable to use the past in understanding the present and visualizing the future.

Question 44

In Fantasy Therapy, clients are encouraged to...

Answer 44

to talk and express repressed feelings and emotions like grief, guilt and hatred

Question 45

How empty chair works?

Answer 45

- placed in front of the client - will help client into saying goodbye - saying goodbye means letting go of the person - usually accompanied by outburst of words

Question 46

Define Play Therapy

Answer 46

use as psychotherapy for children to bring about temporary attachment to the therapist

Question 47

Play Therapy were given to cases of ___ ___ or ___

Answer 47

child abuse or trauma

Question 48

In Play Therapy, the therapists provide ___ not ___

Answer 48

the therapist provide companionship not leadership

Question 49

Define Family Therapy

Answer 49

focus in on the interactional process between and among members of the family

Question 50

3 Approaches to Family Therapy

Answer 50

- Contextual approach - based on system theory with an objective to establish trustworthiness and fairness of the family and to correct object loss - Structural Approach - focuses on the interpersonal communications - Strategic Approach - therapist assess the power structure of the family

Question 51

Define Metaphor

Answer 51

use as an excellent way to deal with the person’s way of resistance to convey communication

Question 52

Metaphor has the ability to....

Answer 52

has the ability to reach an effective component of one’s personality to protect one’s own privacy

Question 53

Metaphor is used in...

Answer 53

used in recorded history and Bible through parables, proverbs, anecdotes and stories which has symbolic meanings (right brain)

Question 54

Define Imagery

Answer 54

use to deal with client’s recurrent dreams by giving meaning and interpretations

Question 55

Imagery focuses on...

Answer 55

focuses on the client’s frustrations, thoughts and feelings and unsettled energies like anger, fears and anxiety

Question 56

used as healing process of the psyche or mind

Answer 56

Imagery

Question 57

Define Stress Care

Answer 57

focus on managing stress or taking charge of one’s thoughts, emotions schedule, environment and the way to deal with problems

Question 58

How Stress Care helps client to manage stress?

Answer 58

- Identify sources of stress - Learn healthier ways to cope with stress - Avoid unnecessary stress - Alter the situation - Adapt to the stressor - Accept things you can’t change - Make time for fun and relaxation - Adopt a healthy lifestyle

Question 59

Goal of Stress Care

Answer 59

the goal is to achieve a balance life with time for work, relationships, relaxation and fun – plus resilience to hold on under pressure and meet challenges head on