Lesson 4: Recognition of pathogens

Question 1

pathogens are recognized by?

Answer 1

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR’s)

Question 2

Upon a microbial infection, the body needs to be alerted to the presence of
potential harmful pathogens. This is achieved through specialized receptors known as _____________ which are predominantly expressed on immune cells.

Answer 2

pattern recognition receptors (PRR’s)

Question 3

These receptors recognize conserved molecular structures known as pathogen or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs)

Answer 3

pattern recognition receptors (PRR’s)

Question 4

pattern recognition receptors (PRR’s) recognize conserved molecular structures known as

Answer 4

Pathogen or Damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs)

Question 6

are found in microbes such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi

Answer 6

PAMPs

Question 7

PAMPs are found in? Give examples

Answer 7

microbes (bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi)

Question 8

are associated with components of host’s cells that are released during cell damage or death

Answer 8

DAMPs

Question 9

DAMPs are associated with components of host’s cells that are released during?

Answer 9

cell damage or death

Question 10

One of the best characterized PAMP

Answer 10

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 11

a specific component of the gram – bacteria which is recognized by Toll-like receptor TLR4

Answer 11

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 12

lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a specific
component of the gram – bacteria which is recognized by

Answer 12

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)

Question 13

are a key element of the innate immune system

Answer 13

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)