Lesson 4- Theory- Airstream Mechanism

Question 1

Pulmonic ______ airflow mechanism.

Answer 1

Egressive

Question 2

What does pulmonic mean?

Answer 2

from the lungs

Question 3

What is the pulmonic Egressive airflow initiated by (initiator)?

Answer 3

By the diaphragm

Question 4

What does supra-glottal mean?

Answer 4

above the glottis

Question 5

What is the term for below the glottis?

Answer 5

sub-glottal

Question 6

What is the term for increased air pressure (or when there is too much air in a small space)?

Answer 6

Compression

Question 7

What is the term for decreased air pressure (not enough air in a big space)?

Answer 7

rarefaction

Question 8

Name the 3 airstream mechanisms.

Answer 8

Pulmonic, Velaric and glottalic

Question 9

In the glottalic airstream mechanism, what is the initiator?

Answer 9

The larynx

Question 10

What does the initiator do?

Answer 10

The initiator moves the air

Question 11

Name the 3 roles of the larynx.

Answer 11

Articulation (glottal stop), Voicing (phonation) and being an Initiator.

Question 12

When the glottis is closed what happens?

Answer 12

There is no air from the lungs

Question 13

In the glottalic airstream mechanism where does 100cm3/small amount of air exist between?

Answer 13

100 cm3 of air exists between the glottis and the lips

Question 14

In the glottalic airstream mechanism there is no air from the lungs, so there is no air from _________.

Answer 14

under the glottis

Question 15

In the glottalic airstream mechanism, there is no air from under the glottis, what is this air known as?

Answer 15

This is known as supra-glottal air (above the glottal).

Question 16

Describe the movement of air from the glottis to the lips.

Answer 16

The larynx is the initiator so either pushes air out, or pulls air in.

Question 17

What does the larynx act as?

Answer 17

As a piston/syringe

Question 18

When the larynx moves up, air moves ____.

Answer 18

out

Question 19

When the larynx moves down, air moves ____.

Answer 19

in

Question 20

Name the 3 glottalic sounds that can be produced.

Answer 20

ejectives, implosives and voiced implosives.

Question 21

Articulation in the glottalic airstream mechanism is the same as normal with closure in the _____ _____.

Answer 21

oral cavity

Question 22

Glottalic sounds need both closure at the ____ and in the ______ _____.

Answer 22

glottis, oral cavity

Question 23

Ejectives are produced using the ______ ______ airstream mechanism.

Answer 23

Egressive Glottalic

Question 24

Ejectives are _______.

Answer 24

Egressive

Question 25

When producing ejectives the glottis is ____.

Answer 25

Closed

Question 26

When ejectives are produced using the _______ glottalic airstream , the larynx moves ___.

Answer 26

Egressive, up

Question 27

When the larynx moves up the air is ________.

Answer 27

compressed

Question 28

Ejectives make a ______ sound.

Answer 28

popping

Question 29

Ejectives are non ______.

Answer 29

English

Question 30

Ejectives are used in some languages such as in _____.

Answer 30

Africa

Question 31

Implosives are ______.

Answer 31

Ingressive

Question 32

Implosives are the opposite of _____.

Answer 32

ejectives

Question 33

When producing implosives the glottis is _____.

Answer 33

closed

Question 34

When producing implosives the ______ moves _____.

Answer 34

larynx, down

Question 35

When the larynx moves down this creates a _____ effect, known as ________ _____.

Answer 35

suction, rarefied air

Question 36

What airstream are implosives produced by?

Answer 36

The Ingressive Glottalic Airstream mechanism

Question 37

Implosives can be both _____ and _______.

Answer 37

voiced and voiceless

Question 38

How is a voiced implosive produced differently from a voiceless implosive?

Answer 38

It is produced the same as a voiceless implosive apart from the glottis is not completely closed.

Question 39

When the glottis isn't completely closed what does this allow?

Answer 39

a small amount of air from the lungs which allows the vocal folds to vibrate.

Question 40

Name the airflows used to produce a VOICED implosive.

Answer 40

Glottalic airflow and pulmonic airflow

Question 41

What airflow does voicing require?

Answer 41

Pulmonic Egressive Airflow

Question 42

Name the 3 voiced implosives.

Answer 42

ɓ ɖ ɠ

Question 43

Again implosives are used in ____ languages.

Answer 43

African

Question 44

Name a speech disorder to do with Ejectives and Implosives in speech.

Answer 44

Cochlear Implant

Question 45

A cochlear implant replaces target _____ with _____ or _____.

Answer 45

plosives, ejectives or implosives

Question 46

name the airstream where air exists between the velum and the lips.

Answer 46

The Velaric Airstream Mechansim

Question 47

What can the velum also be called?

Answer 47

The soft palate

Question 48

Why is oralic or lingual used when talking about the velaric airstream mechanism?

Answer 48

As initiation is performed in the oral cavity, more specifically the main initiator is the tongue.

Question 49

In the velaric airstream mechanism air only exists between the ___ and ____.

Answer 49

velum, lips

Question 50

In the velaric airstream mechanism there is no ______ or ______ air.

Answer 50

pulmonic, glottalic

Question 51

Where is there constriction in the velaric airstream mechanism?

Answer 51

At the back of the oral cavity (aka. velum)

Question 52

What is the initiator in the Velaric Airstream?

Answer 52

The tongue

Question 53

Name the ways that the front/blade of the tongue moves to initiate air.

Answer 53

up, down, forwards or backwards.

Question 54

The tongue can _____ air out or ______ air in.

Answer 54

Push, pulll

Question 55

Name a velaric sound.

Answer 55

clicks

Question 56

Articulation for the velaric airstream needs both closure at the _____ and in the front part of the ______ _____.

Answer 56

velum, oral cavity

Question 57

When clicks are produced, the front/blade of the tongue moves ______.

Answer 57

down

Question 58

when clicks are produced there is closure at the ____.

Answer 58

velum

Question 59

The tongue moves down and _____ air ____, name this airstream.

Answer 59

pulls, in , Ingressive, Velaric Airstream

Question 60

The tongue pulls air in, what is this air known as.

Answer 60

Rarefied air

Question 61

Clicks are not used in ____ but instead in ____ ____ African languages.

Answer 61

English, sub-saharan

Question 62

When producing a Velaric Egressive sound, What does the tongue do?

Answer 62

The tongue move up and pushes air out.

Question 63

Velaric EGRESSIVE sounds are _____ possible but not used _______ in the world.

Answer 63

physiologically, linguistically

Question 64

Name 3 speech disorders associated with clicks (aka replacing a plosive/fricative/stop with a click).

Answer 64

Cleft Palate speech, articulation problems and down's syndrome

Question 65

Name some other velaric movements

Answer 65

blowing a raspberry, sucking, smoking, drinking through straw and playing musical instruments like the oboe

Question 66

When pressure drops, air is _____ ______.

Answer 66

sucked in

Question 67

Oesophageal, buccal (cheeks) and pharyngeal airstreams are all examples of _______ ______.

Answer 67

disordered airstreams