Suprasegmentals.

Question 1

Suprasegmentals are beyond the segments, what is meant by this?

Answer 1

It is beyond the consonants and vowels.

Question 2

The way we produce the same utterance can ______ different _______.

Answer 2

Convey, Meaning.

Question 3

Suprasegmentals are features that belong to all _____ ______.

Answer 3

Speech Units.

Question 4

Name the Suprasegmentals.

Answer 4

Stress, Pitch/intonation, loudness, rhythm (all make up prosody).

Question 5

What does stress, pitch, loudness and rhythm all make up?

Answer 5

Prosody.

Question 6

What can pitch convey?

Answer 6

Meaning, emphasis, intention or emotion.

Question 7

What is the normal pitch of someone called?

Answer 7

Their Fundamental Frequency.

Question 8

What does pitch refer to?

Answer 8

Vibration of vocal folds.

Question 9

What is pitch fluctuation?

Answer 9

The alteration of pitch over time or speech (sentences, phrases, words).

Question 10

Pitch will change across an ______.

Answer 10

Utterance.

Question 11

What is referred to as the music of speech?

Answer 11

Pitch.

Question 12

____ is good at conveying emotion.

Answer 12

Pitch.

Question 13

Pitch fluctuation is also reffered to as what?

Answer 13

Intonation.

Question 14

What is intonation?

Answer 14

Tiny change in vocal cord movement.

Question 15

What can pitch change also be called?

Answer 15

Tone.

Question 16

There are 7 nuclear ______.

Answer 16

Tones.

Question 17

Name some tones.

Answer 17

Rise
Fall
Level
Rise-Fall
Fall-Rise

Question 18

What does intonation give us an idea of?

Answer 18

The intention behind an utterance.

Question 19

When learning a foreign language, what is the best way to blend in with the locals?

Answer 19

To know their intonation.

Question 20

Where does tone normally occur?

Answer 20

At the nucleus.

Question 21

Tone can also be known as _____ tone.

Answer 21

Nucleus.

Question 22

Tone is the change in _____.

Answer 22

Pitch.

Question 23

Where is the nucleus in English?

Answer 23

The nucleus tends to be at the end of a sentence.

Question 24

When does tone(intonation)not appear at the end of an utterance (nucleus)?

Answer 24

When you want to emphasis something else within the utterance.

Question 25

What are the functions of intonation?

Answer 25

- Pragmatic= changes meaning of sentence - Grammatical= indicates clauses - Sociolinguistic= accent differences.

Question 26

Intonation has a pragmatic function, more specifically an _______ role.

Answer 26

Illocutionary.

Question 27

Meanings of utterances are based around ______.

Answer 27

Intonation.

Question 28

Intonation can _____ an utterance which allows us to figure out what is going on. What function would this be?

Answer 28

Divide up, Grammatical Function.

Question 29

What is another function of intonation apart from pragmatic, grammatical and sociolinguistic?

Answer 29

Emotional :)

Question 30

Why does intonation have an emotional function?

Answer 30

As we can convey an intention through intonation for example anger, sarcasm, disappointment etc.

Question 31

The _____ or length of segments/units plays a small part in emphasis.

Answer 31

Duration.

Question 32

What is syllable length part of?

Answer 32

Stress (prominence) and affects rhythm.

Question 33

A sound or syllable that is held for a longer _____ is more ______.

Answer 33

Duration, Prominent.

Question 34

What is Loudness?

Answer 34

Physically the amount of airflow from the lungs that we build up and then release.

Question 35

The _____ of a syllable can affect stress.

Answer 35

Loudness.

Question 36

What are the 3 factors that play a part in stress?

Answer 36

- Intonation - Loudness - Duration.

Question 37

What does stress refer to?

Answer 37

The overall prominence of a sound.

Question 38

How do we make a syllable more stressed?

Answer 38

- Make it extra loud - Change the pitch/ Extra pitch - Give syllable extra length

Question 39

Is the stressed or unstressed syllable more prominent?

Answer 39

The stressed syllable is more prominent.

Question 40

Pitch Fluctuation Loudness Duration All play a part in what?

Answer 40

Stress.

Question 41

The overall prominence of a syllable is known as ______.

Answer 41

Stress.

Question 42

Name the 2 types of stress.

Answer 42

Word Stress | Sentence Stress.

Question 43

What is word stress?

Answer 43

The stress of a syllable in individual words.

Question 44

When 2 or more syllables are stressed in a word, what is this known as?

Answer 44

Secondary Stress.

Question 45

Secondary Stress occurs in ____ words.

Answer 45

Longer.

Question 46

What is the stress of one syllable in a word called?

Answer 46

primary stress.

Question 47

In English what syllable is usually stressed? (Word Stress)

Answer 47

The 1st Syllable.

Question 48

When put into sentences, what happens to word stress?

Answer 48

Individual words don't keep the same stress pattern, only certain syllables of the most important parts of words are stressed.

Question 49

Sentences stress makes sentences have a ______.

Answer 49

Rhythm.

Question 50

Stress in sentence stress are not ______ _____.

Answer 50

Whole words.

Question 51

Stressed syllables in sentence stress tend to be______ ______.

Answer 51

Spread out.

Question 52

Are functional words (of, to, on) stressed or unstressed in a sentence?

Answer 52

Unstressed.

Question 53

In sentences- We tend to stress one syllable in _______ words.

Answer 53

Content

Question 54

Name the two types of Rhythm in language.

Answer 54

Syllable-Timed | Stress-Timed

Question 55

Give an example of a syllable timed language.

Answer 55

Italian.

Question 56

What is a syllable-timed rhythm?

Answer 56

Syllables are produced at equal intervals.

Question 57

Given an example of a stress timed language.

Answer 57

English.

Question 58

What is a stress-timed rhythm?

Answer 58

Stressed syllables produced at equal intervals.

Question 59

Anything affecting the shape and size of the vocal folds can affect ______________.

Answer 59

Prosody. (eg. pitch)

Question 60

What is foreign accent syndrome?

Answer 60

- Rare condition - After stroke - Affects rhythm and pitch - Prosody affected so sounds like different accent eg. Scottish to Italian.

Question 61

If you have a lung problem this can affect ______.

Answer 61

Loudness.

Question 62

Brain or Laryngeal Injury can cause problems with _____.

Answer 62

Prosody.

Question 63

In autism problems with prosody can often make them sound _____ or _______.

Answer 63

Monotonous, Exaggerated

Question 64

_____ issues can cause problems for the pitch of voice.

Answer 64

Physiological.