Lesson 4: Writing a Research Report

Question 1

A systematic and scientific way of investigating and gathering information to answer a particular problem, establish facts, and reach conclusions

Answer 1

Research

Question 2

Types of Research Report

Answer 2

Survey Report
Field Report
Laboratory or Scientific/Technical Report

Question 3

A paper which presents the results of the author’s research

Answer 3

Survey Report

Question 4

Usually used n the field of social sciences to link
theory and application.

Answer 4

Field Report

Question 4

It usually contains the
author’s observation when out in the field and an
analysis using theoretical concepts from the
discipline.

Answer 4

Field Report

Question 5

Written by those in the sciences mainly to persuade others to accept or reject a hypothesis, record the details for future researches, and document a current for future reference or
comparison

Answer 5

Laboratory or Scientific/Technical Report

Question 6

Determining the Topic of a Research Paper

A relevant topic addresses an existing
problem or issue

Answer 6

It should be relevant

Question 7

Determining the Topic of a Research Paper

To begin a research, you have to determine
your topic. _______________ is one useful
way to focus on a topic easily and quickly.

Answer 7

To begin a research, you have to determine
your topic. Asking questions is one useful
way to focus on a topic easily and quickly.

Question 8

Determining the Topic of a Research Paper

Interest and natural curiosity in the topic will
encourage greater commitment to the research

Answer 8

It should be interesting, especially for the
researcher.

Question 9

Determining the Topic of a Research Paper

It should be something you are able to work on given your limitations (e.g. access, ability, budget, time, human and material resources)

Answer 9

It should be manageable.

Question 9

Determining the Topic of a Research Paper

It should neither be too broad nor too narrow to keep the results relevant

Answer 9

It should be manageable.

Question 9

Determining the Topic of a Research Paper

Answer 9

It should be relevant
Asking questions
It should be interesting, especially for the
researcher.
It should be manageable

Question 10

A thesis statement ________________ you previously asked to give focus to your topic.

Answer 10

A thesis statement answers the
question you previously asked to give
focus to your topic.

Question 10

A thesis statement, ________ and __________ as the _______________ of all the ideas in your report.

Answer 10

It guides and serves as the central
point of all the ideas in your report.

Question 10

These specific questions are to be answered through your instrument the results of which will support your research.

Answer 10

Research Questions

Question 11

Qualities of a Good Research Question:

✓ It should be ________, especially to a layperson.
✓ It should require the ______________ to answer it.
✓ It should address an _________________or ________.
✓ It should be ______________ in terms of your skills and resources.
✓ It should be _______________ through ethical methods.
✓ It should have _____________.

Answer 11

✓ It should be clear, especially to a layperson.
✓ It should require the gathering of data to answer it.
✓ It should address an observed problem or issue.
✓ It should be manageable in terms of your skills and resources.
✓ It should be answerable through ethical methods.
✓ It should have practical use.

Question 11

An expanded paper that presents the results and the interpretation of a study so that readers can better understand a particular phenomenon

Answer 11

Research Report

Question 11

A research report is produced through…

Answer 11

Produced through formal investigation and scientific inquiry

Question 11

Research report requires the following:

Answer 11

• topic (field specific or general)
• type of paper (journal format or thesis format)
• specific length
• multiple sources (usually at least 10 reputable references)
• different types of source (books, journals, periodicals, and other online sources)
• documentation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE)
• deadlines
• format (depends on the documentation style)
• complete parts

Question 12

PARTS of a RESEARCH REPORT

Answer 12

1. Title Page
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. Literature Review
5. Methodology
6. Results
7. Discussion
8. Conclusion
9. References

Question 13

Contains an informative title which describes the content of the paper, the name, address, and affiliation of the author/s, and the date when it was submitted

Answer 13

Title Page

Question 14

Contains the summary of the findings and
conclusions (length ranges from ______________
words)

Answer 14

Abstract (length ranges from 100 – 250 words)

Question 15

Briefly presents the context of the study, the research questions or objectives, the methodology, the major findings, and the conclusions and their implications with minimal number of citations and statistical data

Answer 15

Abstract

Question 16

Explains the current state of the discipline and identifies research gaps addressed by the research

Answer 16

Introduction

Question 17

It also presents the research focus and puts the research topic in context.

Answer 17

Introduction

Question 17

Discuss previously conducted studies directly related to the report

Answer 17

Related Studies

Question 17

Its length usually ranges from three to five paragraphs.

Answer 17

Introduction

Question 18

Contains the summary and synthesis of all available sources directly related to the study

Answer 18

Literature Review

Question 19

Define, explain, and describe the fundamental concepts and theories needed by the readers to understand the study.

Answer 19

Related Concepts

Question 20

Its length may range from two to three pages.

Answer 20

Literature Review

Question 20

This section explains the number and demographic profile of participants involved as well as the place or the environment where the study was conducted.

Answer 20

Context and Participants

Question 20

This section presents the tools you used in gathering the data. These may include questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and tests among others.

Answer 20

Instrument Section

Question 20

Contains the processes and steps taken in gathering data for the research

Answer 20

Methodology

Question 20

This section presents how data were analyzed, whether it be qualitatively (coding scheme) or quantitatively (statistical tools).

Answer 20

Data Analysis

Question 21

This section presents the details on how the data were collected.

Answer 21

Data Gathering

Question 22

Objectively describes the data gathered

Answer 22

Results

Question 23

Contains tables and graphs that summarize the collected data. Along with the tables and graphs are their respective interpretations.

Answer 23

Results

Question 24

Results When interpreting graphs and tables, remember the following: ✓ Your first sentence should contain the _______ or _____________ and its title. ✓ The succeeding sentences should focus on the _______________________ in the graph or table. ✓ The _______ or the _______ that you notice may be included. ✓ The interpretation should end with a _______________ based on the given information.

Answer 24

✓ Your first sentence should contain the figure or table number and its title. ✓ The succeeding sentences should focus on the most important information in the graph or table. ✓ The trends or the gaps that you notice may be included. ✓ The interpretation should end with a conclusion based on the given information.

Question 25

The flow of the ______________ should follow the flow of the research questions/ problems/ objectives. It is expected that for each research problem or objective, corresponding results are presented.

Answer 25

The flow of the result section should follow the flow of the research questions/ problems/ objectives. It is expected that for each research problem or objective, corresponding results are presented.

Question 26

Contains the restatement of the major findings and the limitations of the study as the researcher’s recommendations and implications of the results.

Answer 26

Conclusion

Question 26

Presents the analysis of the results

Answer 26

Discussion

Question 26

Discussion * Provides an ____________ for all the results in relation to the previous studies presented in the literature review. * You need to _________ your research problems or ___________ in the _______ paragraph as well as the major findings. * The succeeding paragraphs should ________ whether the study supports or rejects the previous findings and provide the reasons why. * The ______________ uncovered should also be stated here. * It must follow the ________ of research problems or objectives.

Answer 26

* Provides an explanation for all the results in relation to the previous studies presented in the literature review. * You need to restate your research problems or objectives in the first paragraph as well as the major findings. * The succeeding paragraphs should explain whether the study supports or rejects the previous findings and provide the reasons why. * The new findings uncovered should also be stated here. * It must follow the flow of research problems or objectives.

Question 27

Contains the different sources used in the study

Answer 27

References

Question 27

These may be academic books, journals, and other online sources.

Answer 27

References

Question 28

The format depends on the school, teacher, or field of study.

Answer 28

References

Question 28

Steps in Writing a Research Report 1.Select and _____________ the topic. You may use any prewriting technique such as freewriting, clustering, listing, and brainstorming. 2.Conduct a ____________________ by gathering the initial references. 3. __________ the thesis statement and research questions. 4. Prepare a _____________ outline. 5. ___________ additional references. Use the preliminary outline as a guide for this stage. 6. Prepare the ______ outline. 7. Prepare the _______________________ for your research. 8. _____ the instrument and revise accordingly. 9. Gather the _______. 10. Prepare the ________ and ________ and analyze the collected data. 11. Write the ________________ and the ______. 12. Write the _______________ and ________________. 13. Write the _____________. Be sure to link the _______________ to the discussion section. 14. Write the ____________. 15. Write the ____________. 16. Prepare the _______________ list. List all items that are cited in the body of your paper. 17. ______ and ________ your paper.

Answer 28

1.Select and narrow down the topic. You may use any prewriting technique such as freewriting, clustering, listing, and brainstorming. 2.Conduct a preliminary research by gathering the initial references. 3. Formulate the thesis statement and research questions. 4. Prepare a preliminary outline. 5. Gather additional references. Use the preliminary outline as a guide for this stage. 6. Prepare the final outline. 7. Prepare the necessary instruments for your research. 8. Pilot the instrument and revise accordingly. 9. Gather the data. 10. Prepare the tables and graphs and analyze the collected data. 11. Write the methodology and the results. 12. Write the introduction and literature review. 13. Write the discussion. Be sure to link the literature review to the discussion section. 14. Write the conclusion. 15. Write the abstract. 16. Prepare the reference list. List all items that are cited in the body of your paper. 17. Edit and format your paper.

Question 29

Some Reminders when Writing a Research Report * Devote _______ to __________-______ percent of your paper to the results and the discussion. * _______ all your sources whether they are paraphrased or directly quoted. * Use _________ quotation sparingly. Paraphrase as much as possible. * Strictly __________ the required documentation style. * Choose topics that are _________, ___________, __________, and ________________ to research in terms of resources, skills needed, and time. They should neither be too __________ nor ___________________. * Make your research _______________ and ___________- address the given topic or thesis statement. * Use _____________ _____________ and avoid __________ ________.

Answer 29

* Devote fifty to seventy-five percent of your paper to the results and the discussion. * Cite all your sources whether they are paraphrased or directly quoted. * Use direct quotation sparingly. Paraphrase as much as possible. * Strictly follow the required documentation style. * Choose topics that are relevant, interesting, current, and manageable to research in terms of resources, skills needed, and time. They should neither be too sensitive nor controversial. * Make your research questions and directly address the given topic or thesis statement. * Use simple language and avoid verbose words.