LESSON 5 (B) Flashcards
(55 cards)
1
Q
–most inferior portion of the diencephalon
-contains nuclei that are important in maintaining homeostasis
- one of the major regulators of homeostasis
A
HYPOTHALAMUS
2
Q
FUNCTION OF HYPOTHALAMUS:
A
- control of ANS
- production of hormones
- regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns
- regulation of eating and drinking
- control of body temperature
- regulation of circadian rhythm and state of consciousness
3
Q
- *When certain cells in the hypothalamus are stimulated by
rising osmotic pressure f the extracellular fluid, this results to
A
thirst sensation
4
Q
- it contains thirst center
A
hypothalamus
5
Q
- largest portion of the brain
- it is the “seat of intelligence”
A
CEREBRUM
6
Q
- it allows us the capability to read, write, speak, make calculations and compose music, remember the past and plan for the future and to visualize things that have never occurred
A
cerebrum
7
Q
- rind or bark
A
cortex
8
Q
- is a region of gray matter that
forms the outer rim of the cerebrum. - although only 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 in.)
A
cerebral cortex
9
Q
- is made of fiber tracts carrying impulses to, from and
within the cortex
A
cerebral white matters
10
Q
- gray matter nuclei deep within the cerebral white matter
A
basal nuclei
11
Q
- deep grooves of the brain
A
fissures
12
Q
- convolutions/folds
A
gyri/gyrus
13
Q
- hallow grooves
A
sulci/sulcus
14
Q
Three Types of Tracts in the White Mater of the Cerebrum
A
- projection tracts
- association tracts
- commissural tracts
15
Q
- pathways formed by projection fibers
- An example is the internal capsule, a thick band of white matter that contains both ascending and descending axons
A
projection tracts
16
Q
-pathways formed by association fibers
-connects various areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere
A
association tracts
17
Q
-pathways formed by commissural fibers
-connects the right & the left hemisphere
- contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from gyri in one cerebral
hemisphere to corresponding gyri in the other cerebral hemisphere.
A
commissural tracts
18
Q
3 important groups of commissural tracts
A
- corpus callosum
- anterior commissure
- posterior commissure
19
Q
- the largest fiber bundle in the brain, containing about 300 million fibers
A
corpus callosum
20
Q
lobes of the cerebrum
A
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occipital
21
Q
- largest lobe
- primary motor area
A
frontal lobe
22
Q
SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS:
* Conceptualization
* Abstraction
* Judgment formation
* Short-term or recall memory
* Fine Repetitive motor movements – (e.g. ability to write) –the premotor
area in the frontal lobe contains motor programs for fine repetitive
movement.
A
frontal lobe
23
Q
- rearmost portion of each frontal lobe
- which helps control voluntary movement
A
motor area/primary motor area
24
Q
- located in the lateral inferior portion
- controls verbal/expressive speech; allows thoughts to be
transformed into words
A
BROCA’s area
25
- sensory lobe
- responsible for the storage, analysis & interpretation of sensory stimuli
-integrative & coordinating center for perception & interpretation of sensory
info (touch, pressure, temp, pain, size & shapes of objects)
parietal lobe
26
- memory storage (long term memory)
- integration of AUDITORY, GUSTATORY & OLFACTORY stimuli
temporal lobe
27
- responsible for comprehension / reception &
understanding of language
*WERNICKE’s AREA
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damage to Wernicke's area
receptive aphasia
29
- visual area;
- visual speech center
- It relates present and past visual experiences and is essential for recognizing and evaluating what is seen.
occipital lobe
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-divides cerebrum into L & R hemispheres
longitudinal fissure
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-divides each hemisphere into FRONTAL & PARIETAL lobe
fissure of rolando (central sulcus)
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-runs parallel to central sulcus, anterior to it
Precentral gyrus
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-runs posterior to the central sulcus
Postcentral gyrus
34
-separates parietal lobe from occipital lobe
parieto-occipital sulcus
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-separates the temporal lobe from frontal & parietal lobes
fissure of sylvius (lateral fissure)
36
-separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
transverse fissure
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SENSORY AREAS:
- general sensory area
- primary visual area
- primary auditory area
- primary olfactory area
- primary gustatory area
38
-located in the parietal lobe posterior to the central sulcus
Functions:
1. Where sensory inputs such as pain, pressure, temp are relayed
2. Localizes exactly the points of the body where the sensations originate
general sensory area/primary somesthetic/somatosensory area
39
- a partisan somatic sensory map of the body
sensory homunculus
40
-located at the posterior tip of the occipital lobe
Functions:
- Receives sensory impulses from the eyes & interprets shape, color & movement
primary visual area
41
-located in the temporal lobe
Function:
- Interprets basic characteristics of sounds such as pitch & rhythm; receives
information for sound and is involved in auditory perception.
primary olfactory area
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- medial aspect of the temporal lobe
Function:
- Interprets sensation related to smell; and is involved in olfactory perception.
primary olfactory area
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-parietal lobe
Function:
- Interprets sensation related to taste; receives impulses for taste and is involved in gustatory perception and taste discrimination.
primary gustatory area
44
- made up of association tracts that connect motor & sensory areas
-Motor output from the cerebral cortex flows mainly from the anterior
part of each hemisphere
association areas
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FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX:
- SENSORY AREAS
- ASSOCIATION AREAS
- MOTOR AREAS
- SPEECH AREAS
46
Functions:
Involved in the process of recognition where present information is compared
with past experiences
Concerned with memory, emotions, reasoning, will, judgment, personality traits
& intelligence
ASSOCIATION AREAS
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-control muscular movement
MOTOR AREAS
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motor areas:
- primary motor area
- premotor area
- prefrontal area
- frontal eye field area
49
-located in the frontal lobe
Function: controls specific muscles or group of muscle
primary motor area
50
-located anterior to the primary motor area
Function: controls skilled movements
premotor area
51
- located anterior to frontal eye field area
Functions:
1. Where motivation & foresight to initiate movements occur
2. Involved in the motivation & regulation of emotional behavior & mood, FUNCTIONAL CENTER FOR AGGRESSION.
prefrontal area
52
-located in the frontal cortex
Function: controls voluntary scanning movements of the eyes
frontal eye field area
53
speech areas
- Wernicke's area (sensory speech area)
- Broca's area (motor speech area)
54
-located in the parietal lobe
Functions:
1. Determines if a sound is speech, music or noise
2. Interprets the meaning of speech by translating words into thoughts
Wernicke's area
55
-located in the frontal lobe
Function:
Involved in the translation of thoughts into speech
Broca's area
