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Patient Management > Lesson 6 - Vital Signs > Flashcards

Lesson 6 - Vital Signs Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

when should you take vital signs

A

if nurse is not present
before and after patient revieces medication ( CT)
change in general condition (LOC)

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2
Q

is a physicians order required to measure vital signs

A

No

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3
Q

Another word for vital signs

A

cardinal signs

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4
Q

what is measured while taking vital signs

A

body temp, pulse and respiration

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5
Q

is blood pressure taken as a vital sign

A

not a true category but often measured as well

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6
Q

is pain considered a vital sign

A

not the main three but can be considered

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7
Q

what influences body temp

A

environment, time of day, weight, hormones, emotions, excercise, digestion, injuries

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8
Q

where is thermoregulation performed

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

how does the hypothalamus perserve heat

A

vasoconstriction and shivering

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10
Q

what does Ax mean

A

axillary

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11
Q

how does the hypothalamus regulate heat loss

A

diaphoresis and peripheral vasodilation

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12
Q

What is normal body temp (know both C and F or conversion factor)

A

37C or 98.6 F

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13
Q

Hypothermia

A

body temp below normal limits, induced medically or trauma to hypothalamus

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14
Q

what does hypothermia result in

A

reduced patients need for oxygen and bradycardia

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15
Q

Hyperthermia (pyrexia)

A

body temp above normal limits, usually due to disease

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16
Q

what does hyperthermia result in

A

body demands O2 and CO2 production increases

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17
Q

when choosing site for taking body temp what should u consider

A

age, state of mind, ability to cooperate

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18
Q

Oral temperature

A

taken under tounge, adults and cooperative children
shown with an O

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19
Q

Axillary temp

A

armpit, useful with infants, time and presicion make this unreliable
shown with Ax

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20
Q

Rectal temp

A

anal opening, most reliable
cannot use with restless or rectal pathology patients
shown with an R

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21
Q

Tympanic temp

A

ear, accurate
fast and easy
shown with a T

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22
Q

Tempurature sensitive patches

A

go on forehead, not reliable
need another way of taking temp to verify

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23
Q

Temporal artery thermometers

A

scanning of the forehead and back of ear with probe
non-invasion and accurate
approximitally 1 degree F higher
shown with TAT

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24
Q

Normal pulse is adults

A

60-90 BPM

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25
normal pulse in children (4-10yrs)
90-100 BPM
26
normal pulse in infants
120 BPM
27
Apical pulse
listening to heart directly most accuate 5th intercostal space
28
Radical pulse
taken at wrist for one min most accesible
29
Brachial pulse
located in antecubital fossa from brachial artery use two fingers
30
Carotid pulse
at goion over carotid artery typically used during CPR
31
Femoral pulse
over femoral artery in groin
32
Popiteal pulse
Taken behind knee used during trauma patients
33
Temporal pulse
Infront of ear, over temporal artery
34
Dorsalis pedis pulse
Ontop of foot within 1st and 2nd toes may be absent
35
Posterior tibial pulse
taken on the medial aspect of ankles
36
what pulse is most accurate for infants
apical
37
What should u asess with pulse
BPM as well as regulatory and strength
38
Tachycardia
fast heart, above 100 BPM
39
Bradycardia
slow heart rate, less than 60 BPM
40
Electrocardiography
recording of the hearts electric activity, graph of voltage vs time of electrical activity
41
ECG
detect electrical changes in cardiac muscle depolarization and repolarization
42
What changes ECG patterns
rhythm distrubances, inadequate coronary artery blood flow, electrolytes disturbances
43
What is isoelectric line
baseline of ECG, signifies resting membrane potentials, deflections are changes in isoelectric line
44
P wave
atrial depolarization SA node fires
45
QRS complex
depolarization of ventricles repolarization of atrials
46
T wave
ventricular repolarization
47
U wave
not seen, repolarization of papillary muscles and purkinje fibres
48
What does PR interval go fom
P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex, atrial depolarization to start of ventricular depolarization
49
What do the thicker boarders on an ECG chart represent
5mm and 0.20 second
50
What is Stemi
serious heart attack where one of the pulmonary veins is blocked, very life threatening and assosiated with CAD. inserts baloon then stunt to keep it open, we will work with cardiologist to view stunts
51
why is code stemi used
reduce door to baloon time
52
What is angioplasty
minimally invasive procedure to open blocked arteries using a baloon
53
During inspiration diaphragmatic muscles... (3)
1. move downwards 2. push abdominal contents outward 3. expand chest cavity
54
What is respiration
one inspiration + one expiration
55
what is an adult respiration rate
12-20 breaths per min
56
what is a childs respiratory rate (1-10 yrs)
20-30 breaths per min
57
what is a newborn/ infants repiratory rate
30-60 breaths per min
58
what does LOC stand for
level of conciousness
59
what are results for low respiration (less than 10 breaths/min)
cyanosis, apprehension, restlessness, change in LOC
60
what may change respiration
medication, illness, exercise and age
61
what is included in assessment of respiration
rate of respiration pattern of respiration depth of respiration
62
how would u record respirations
R 20 20 rises and falls of chest
63
Dyspnea
difficulty breathing often presents as SOB
64
SOB
shortness of breath
65
Trachypnea
less than 20 breaths per minute in adults could be from exercise, fever, infection, heart failure, nervous system pathology
66
Bradypnea
decrease in respiratory rate, result from depression of the respiratory centers of the brain
67
Orthopnea
difficulty breathing unless sitting up or standing
68
-pnea
breathing or respiration
69
Apnea
absence of spontaneous breathing
70
Stridor
creaking, whistling while breathing caused by narrowing or obstruction of airways can be first signs of serious disorder
71
What is blood pressure balances between
peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output
72
Cardiac output equation
CO= stroke volume x heart rate
73
how would u slow down heart rate
beta blockers
74
Maintence of BP depends on
blood viscosity elasticity of the arterial wall
75
Factors that effect BP (6)
age, sex, physical development, body position, time of day and health status
76
Do females of males have a higher BP
males
77
Normal systolic BP in adults
95-120 mm of mercury
78
normal diastolic BP in adults
60-80 mm of mercury
79
normal BPs in children
104-120 mm Hg systole 60-80 mm Hg diastolic
80
normal adolescence BP
85-130 mm Hg systolic 45-85 mm Hg diastolic
81
when is a patient considered hypertensive
systolic BP higher than 140 mm Hg diastolic BP higher than 90 mm Hg
82
what is considered hypotensive
95/60 mm Hg consistantly
83
types of sphygmomanometer
mercury manometer, most accurate aneroid manometer
84
what does a sphymomanometer look like
has a cuff with a inflatable bladder
85
patient prep for taking BP
1.pateints sitting down with arm reclined for 5 min 2. sleeves rolled up 3. quiet room
86
where would u take BP
typically over brachial artery
87
Cynaosis
bluish tinge to skin due to lack of oxygen in tissues, buildup of deoxyhemoglobin
88
Pallor
absense of colour in skin shown in face and palms
89
Diaphoretic
excessive sweating
90
fever
hot and dry skin
91
syncope
cold and clammy
92
skin assesments (3)
diaphoretic, fever, syncope

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