Lesson 8 - Sovereignty of ocean resources

Question 1

What are some examples of biotic and abiotic stores in oceans?

Answer 1

• Fish (biotic)
• Sand and gravel (abiotic)
• Natural gas (abiotic)
• Crustacean (biotic)
• Manganese nodules (abiotic)

Question 2

What are manganese nodules and what can they be used for?

Answer 2

Nodules are small dense lumps of manganese, iron and other minerals. They have useful purposes such as steel production, batteries and renewable energy.

Question 3

What percentage of global oil and gas is extracted from offshore sources?

Answer 3

Around one third is extracted.

Question 4

What are ‘reserves’ in offshore oil and gas extraction?

Answer 4

Reserves are areas where it is economically viable to extract oil and gas.

Question 5

What happens when EEZs overlap?

Answer 5

Conflicts can arise when countries disagree over who owns what. This can lead to dispute.

Question 6

Why is the South China Sea a region of conflict?

Answer 6

Is disputed by multiple countries including china and Philippines. Crucial for energy trade as oil tankers pass through bringing supplies.

Question 7

What are some countries involved in the dispute of South China Sea?

Answer 7

• Vietnam
• Malaysia
• Brunei
• Taiwan

Question 8

Why is South China Sea important?

Answer 8

It’s vital for global trade, with approximately one third of global shipping passing through it. It holds significant natural resources including oil gas and fish stocks.

Question 9

What is the Nine Dash Line?

Answer 9

The Nine-Dash Line is a demarcation line used by China to claim nearly all of the South China Sea, based on historical maps. This claim has been widely disputed by other countries in the region.

Question 10

What is a landlocked country?

Answer 10

A landlocked country is a country surrounded by land who do not have access to ocean resources.