Lesson 9 Flashcards
yeah; uh-huh
うん
no (nope); uh-uh
ううん
me (males only; can be rude)
おれ
trash
ごみ
to wash
あらう (regular)
to pick up
ひろう (regular)
Verb usage (to wash) and (to pick up)
The thing that is being washed or picked up is marked with を
(thing) をあらう
to wash a (thing)
(thing) をひろう
to pick up a (thing)
The informal う form of verbs
The dictionary form of the verb is the う form. This is also the informal verb form that you can use with your friends. The う form is the present/future tense (do~, will~) form.
The negative informal (あ form)
The あ+ない is used to make the present/future negative form for regular verbs.
(あ form verb) + ない
won’t/don’t (verb)
For いる/える verbs you just drop the る and then add ない
Special rule for verbs that end in う
There is a special rule for all verbs that end in う in the dictionary form. The う at the end is changed to a わ when conjugating into the informal negative form. Then add ない.
Irregular verbs
くる goes to こない
する goes to しない
ある goes to ない
The た form
This is the informal past tense.
dictionary ending with/ changes into
む、ぬ、ぶ んだ
ぐ いだ
る った
く いた、った
う った
つ った
す した
The た form (part 2)
To make いる/える verbs in the た form you drop the る and add た
Most times the verb ending in く goes to いた. One except is いく which goes to いった
to move an item
はこぶ
to swim
およぐ
to smell; to sniff
かぐ
to kill
ころす
to erase
けす
The question marker の
This の acts like か. It’s placed after the informal verb forms to make a question.
Using の to add emphasis
When a sentence (not a question) ends in の and without an upward intonation. It will tend to have a more emotion or emphasis It’s not normal for men to use の unless it’s a question. Men’s response to an informal question with の would end in よ or just the informal verb.
The particle よ
When a sentence ends with よ it’s like adding an exclamation mark. It is used to convey strong feeling, emotion, and sometimes triumph. It can also be used with emphasis. In a neutral tone it doesn’t add any motion but can be assertive when used with a stronger tone.
