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Haematology > Leukaemia > Flashcards

Leukaemia Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the haematological system are leukaemias found?

A

Bone Marrow

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2
Q

What are the risk factors to leukaemias?

A

Radiation
Chemo
Down’s

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3
Q

What are the 4 chromosmal abnormalities>

A

Translocation
Deletion
Duplication
Point Mutations

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4
Q

What are the two types of acute leukaemia?

A

Acute myeloid leukaemia

Acute Lymphoid Leukaemia

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5
Q

How can AML and ALL be differentiated?

A

Immunophenotyping and karyotyping

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6
Q

In wat age group is ALL more comon in?

A

Children

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7
Q

In which age group is AML more common>

A

Adults

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8
Q

What are the main features of ALL?

A

Bone marrow failure
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly
Testicular Inflitration

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9
Q

How does AML present?

A

Bone Marrow failure
Bleeding tendency
Skin and CNS inflitration

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10
Q

How are Acute leukaemias treated?

A

Supportive treament to symptoms

Chemo therapy

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11
Q

Who is typically affected by CLL?

A

Elderly men

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12
Q

How does CL usually present?

A

Indicental FBC

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13
Q

What are the types of CLL and which is more common?

A

B cell - 95%

T cell

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14
Q

What two features will be found in cytology of CLL?

A

Lymphocytosis and smear cells

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15
Q

How is CLL treated?

A

can be ‘watched and waited’
supportive therapy
Cholorambucil (chemo)
Bone marrow transplant

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16
Q

What cells are over proliferative in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia?

A

Granulocytes

17
Q

What genetic mutation is present in CML?

A

Philadephia Chromosome (translocation of chom. 9-222)

18
Q

What do patients present with in CML?

A

massive splenomegaly and hepatomegaly

19
Q

How would you investigate CML?

A

FBC for granulocytosis

genetic screen for philadelphia chromosome

20
Q

How is CML treated?

A

Imatinib

21
Q

what is imatinib? How does imatinib work?

A

it is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Haematology (7 decks)

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