Leukocytes Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
Abnormality in pelger huet anomaly
A
Abnormal nucleic acid metabolism
2
Q
Leukemia associated with Down syndrome trisomy, D-trisomy
A
Acute myeloproliferative leukemia
3
Q
Enzyme important to perform respiratory burst
A
Myeloperoxidase
4
Q
Tumors with large quantities of MPO producing green appearance
A
Chloroma
5
Q
AML classification with Ch translocation 15 and 17
A
M3 / Acute promyelocytic leukemia
6
Q
Oncogene involved in M3 / Acute promyelocytic leukemia
A
PML/RARA oncogene
7
Q
Cell full of auer rods
A
Faggot cells
present in M3
8
Q
Nagelli leukemia
A
M4 / Acutte myelomonocytic leukemia
9
Q
Schilling leukemia
A
M5a / Acute monoblastic leukemia w/o maturation
10
Q
AML classification with accumulation of precursor of RBC
A
M6 / Acute erythroid leukemia
11
Q
Di Guglielmo Syndrome
A
M6 / Acute erythroid leukemia
12
Q
Most favorable prognosis of ALL in children when…
A
Aged 2-10yrs old w/ pre-B phenotype and hyperdiploidy in 51-60chromosomes
13
Q
Burkitt type of ALL
A
L3
14
Q
Mimic Neutrophilic Leukemoid reaction
A
CML / Chronic myeloproliferative leukemia
15
Q
Chromosomes translocated in CML
A
Chromosome #9 and #22
16
Q
Presence of ________ indicates good prognosis on CML
A
Philadelphia chromosome
17
Q
3 phase of CML
A
- Chronic
- Accelerated
- Blast Crisis / Acute
18
Q
Important enzyme for phagocytic activity of WBCs
A
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase
19
Q
Malignant hyperplasia of the multipotent myeloid
A
Polycythemia vera
20
Q
Abundant in Agnogenic Myeloid metaplasia w/ myelofibrosis or Myelofibrosis w/ myeloid metaplasia
A
Teardrop cells
21
Q
Myelodysplastic syndromes affect ________ cells
A
Pluripotent stem
22
Q
Trilineage cytopenia
A
Refractory anemia with excess blast
23
Q
Excessive leukocytic response
A
Leukemoid reaction
WBC >50x10^9/L
24
Q
Leukemoid reaction is commonly mistaken as…
A
CML
Due to proliferation of mature cells
25
Most indolent form of leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
26
Chromosomes deleted in CLL:
#11, 13, 17
27
CLL has too much lymphocytes, creating what type of cells
Smudge cells (many), basket cell (1-2)
28
Leukemic reticuloendotheliois
Hairy cell leukemia
29
CD markers that are positive that indicates B-cell malignancy or B-cell cancer
CD19 and CD20
30
CLL that is Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) positive (+)
Hairy cell leukemia
31
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Mycosis fungoides
leads to **ulcerative tumors**
32
Sezary syndrome
Mycosis fungoides
33
Albinism seen on
Chediak Higashi (CH) syndrome - presence of CH granules
34
Hodgkin lymphoma diagnostic cell
Reed-sternberg cell
*owl eyes appearance*
35
Stains that differentiate AML with ALL
Myeloperoxidase śtain
Sudan Black B stain
36
(+) PAS on erythroblast and immature RBC = indicate what type of leukemia
M6 / Acute erythroid leukemia
37
PAS indicate presence of…
Glycogen and other 1,2-glycol-containing carbohydrate
38
Specific (Chloroacetate) esterases: ______
Non-specific esterases: _______
Granulocytic leukemia (M1-M3)
Monocytic leukemia (M4-M5a/M5b)
NOTE:
- Non-specific esterase has **Na fluoride** = inhibit monocytic cell
39
Stain used to differentiate subgroups of ALL
Acid phosphatase stain
40
Stain to differentiate CML and leukemoid reaction
leukocyte alkaline phosphatase stain
NOTE:
CML has *no* LAP
41
Stain that binds with acid mucopolysaccharide
Toluidine blue
42
Stain used for recognition of mast cell and basophil
Toluidine blue
43
Specific granule found in eosinophils that are most potent to parasites
Major basic protein (MBP)
44
Also known as juvenile cell
Metamyelocyte
45
Cell-mediated immunity:
Humoral immunity:
Cell-mediated immunity: T-cell
Humoral immunity: B-cell
46
Supports the growth and differentiation of T-cells from BM
Secreted by basophils
Activated by T cells
Interleukin 3
47
WBC with brain-like convulsions
Monocyte
48
Granulocytes are distinguishable by their presence of _______________ that appear during the ____________ stage
Specific granules
Myelocyte
49
WBC’s left shift refers to the presence of ______________________
Increase immature WBC in the circulation
*Right shift - increase in **hypersegmented** cells*
50
Reference range of WBCs
4.5 - 11.5 x10^9/L
51
Subtype of myeloblast with disperesed primary (azurophilic) granules that does not exceed 20 per cell
Type II myeloblast
52
Normal granulocyte precursor with **paranuclear halo** or **hof**
Promyelocyte
53
First stage of granulocyte precursor where synthesis of primary or non-specific azurophilic granules appear
Promyelocyte
54
Final or last stage capable of mitosis in granulocyte maturation stage
Metamyelocyte
55
Granulocyte precursor: Secondary/specific granules begins to manufacture
Myelocyte
56
Dawn of neutrophilia is seen in _____________
Early myelocyte
*patches of grainy pale-pink cytoplasm due to secondary granules in the Golgi Apparatus*
57
Nucleoli begin to disappear in the _____________ stage
Myelocyte
58
Predominant granulocyte precursor in the bone marrow
Metamyelocyte
59
Wbc precursor with a shape of kidney bean/peanut shaped nucleus
Metamyelocyte
60
_____________ stage begins the production of tertiary/gelatinase granules
Metamyelocyte
61
Shape of nucleus in band or stab cells
Elongated, C or S shaped (Curved or Sausage)
62
Youngest granulocyte precursor normally seen in peripheral blood
Band / stab cell
63
Wbc precursor: secretory granules or secretory vesicles begin to form
Band / stab cells
64
Mature granulocyte where lobes are connected by thread-like filaments
Segmented neutrophil
65
Basophils are ___________ soluble. If granules are dissolved, it leaves a ____________ surrounding a vacuole
Water
Reddish-purple rim
66
The major cytokine responsible for the stimulation of neutrophil production __________________
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or G-CSF
67
Tertiary granules degrade the extracellular matrix and act as a _____________
Chemotactic agent
68
Neutrophils are a source of ____________ and ________ for the proper absorption of Vit B1
Transcobalamine
R binder protein
69
Charcot-leyden crystal is a ____________ of _____________ (granulocyte)
Primary granule
Eosinophil
70
Basophils also play a role in angiogenesis through the expression of…
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
71
They are also known as tissue basophil
Mast cell
72
Major cytokine responsible for mast cell maturation and differentiation
KIT ligand
73
Cells that have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive function
Mast cells
*enhance and suppress features of immune response*
74
Immunologic gate keepers
Mast cells
75
Basophils are activated by…
IL-3
76
First recognizable stage in maturation of monocytes
Promonocyte
77
Under conditions of increased demand of monoctyes, promonocyte undergo ______ (#) divisions to yield _____ monocytes (#) in 60hrs
4
16
78
Kidney shaped or horse-shoe shaped
Monocytes
79
Largest cell in the peripheral blood
Monocyte
80
Which wbc has no storage pool and is immediately released to the circulation upon maturation
Monocytes
81
Tissue monocytes
Macrophages
82
Robin’s egg blue cytoplasm is seen in…
Mature lymphocyte
83
Most predominant lymphocyte
T cells
*T:B cells ratio = 7:1*
84
_______________ are resting cells; when stimulated, undergo mitosis and produce memory and effector cells
Lymphocytes
85
Perinuclear halo may be present in ____________
Plasma blast
*large and well-defined in **Plasmacyte / Plasma cell**.*
86
This cell exhibits tortoise shell, clock face, spoke’s wheel, cart wheel
Plasmacyte / Plasma cell
*nucleus is eccentric*
87
Nuclear abnormality that resulted from mutation in the lamin beta-receptor
Pelger huet (HYPOsegmentation)
88
Pair of glasses, peanut shaped, **pince nez** is seen in…
Pelger huet (Hyposegmentation)
89
Pelger huet: [Abnormal, Normal]
Function: ____________
Morphology: ____________
Normal
Abnormal
90
Pseudohypersegmentation can be seen on _____________
Old segmented neutrophils
91
Undritz anomaly and myelokathexis is a _________ (nuclear abnormality)
Hereditary hypersegmentation
92
Formed from accumulation of degraded mucopolysaccharide
Alder-Reilly granules
93
It is formed from abnormal fusion of primary and secondary neutrophilic granules
Chediak-higashi syndrome
*appears as large lysosomal granules*
94
Chediak- higashi granules: [ Abnormal, Normal ]
Function:
Morphology:
Abnormal
Abnormal
95
Associated with mutation in CHS1 LYST Gene on chromosome 1q42.1-2
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
96
Photophobia and skin hypopigmentation (Albinism)
Chediak-higashi syndrome
97
Dohle bodies are aggregates of ___________ of the ___________ in the cytoplasm
Free ribosomes
Rough ER
*(remnants of ribosomal RNA arranged in parallel rows)*
98
Mutation in the MYH9 gene for production of myosin heavy chain type IIA
May hegglin inclusions
*(affects megakaryocyte maturation and platelet fragmentation = assoc. w/ platelet disorder)*
99
Job’s syndrome is also known as…
Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome
100
Job’s syndrome: [ Abnormal, Normal ]
Random activity: __________
Chemotactic activity: _________
Normal
Abnormal
*Lazy leukocyte = both are abnormal*
101
Absence of surrounding erythma and formation of cold abscesses
Job’s syndrome
102
Associated with STAT3 mutation
Job’s syndrome
103
Also known as neutrophil paralysis
Lazy leukocyte syndrome
*(both random and chemotactic is abnormal)*
104
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD): [Abnormal, Normal]
Morphology: ________
Function: ___________
Normal
Abnormal - *inability of a phagocyte to kill ingested microorganism due to NADPH Oxidase deficiency*
105
No respiratory burst
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
106
CGD result for Nitro blue tetrazolium reduction test
Remains yellow/colorless
*Normal WBC: blue insoluble formazan*
107
Important adhesion molecules for leukocytes
Selectins and integrins
108
Neutrophil with homogenous round body
LE cells
*best demonstrated using buffy coat*
109
Tart cells:
A. Monocyte ingested lymphocyte
B. Lymphocyte ingested monocyte
A. Monocyte ingested lymphocyte
110
Thumbprint appearance seen on…
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
*basket cells/smudge cells*
111
T lymphocyte with cerebriform nucleus (brain-like)
Sezary cells
112
Cloverleaf -like nucleus seen in…
Reider cells
113
Flame cells usually increased in _________ (condition/disorder)
Mutiple myeloma
114
Intranuclear protein inclusions
Dutcher’s bodies
115
A plasma cell with vacuoles; with large protein globules called as “Russel bodies”
Grape cell/ Berry/ Morula or MOTT cells
116
Most common lipid storage disorder
Gaucher’s disease
117
Gaucher’s disease occurs when there is a deficiency in ________________________ causes _________________ to accumulate.
Glucocerebrosidase / B-glucosidase
Glucocerebroside
118
Chicken scratch appearance
Gaucher’s disease
119
Wrinkled, onion skin-like appearance of the cytoplasm
Gaucher’s disease
120
Gaucher’s disease common carriers
Ashkenazi jews
121
Niemann-pick disease is a deficiency of __________
Sphingomyelinase enzyme
*accumulation in **sphingomyelin** in macrophages and other organs*
122
Pick cell has a _________ appearance
Foamy
123
Characterized by deficiency in hexosaminidase A enzyme
Tay-sachs disease
*accumulation of glycolipids and gangliosides exhibited vacuolated cytoplasm*
**Sand Hoff’s disease - deficiency in Hexosaminidase A and B enzymes**
124
Abnormal, uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of one or more hematopoietic cell
Leukemia
125
Form of cancer of plasma cells
Lymphoma
126
Leukemia of childhood and adolescence
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
127
Most common type of leukemia in adults
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
128
Electrolytes affected in AML
Calcium
Potassium
Phosphorus
129
A *soccerball pattern* seen on the peripheral blood film of __________
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
130
Peak incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
2-5yrs old
131
Large mass in the mediastinum is observed in ____________
T cell ALL
132
Infiltration of malignant cells in the gums, mucosal sites, and skin is observed in _________
AML - Acute myeloid leukemia
133
AML classification: appearance of Auer rods
M2 / Acute myeloblastic leukemia w/ maturation
134
Translocation of chromosome # ________ and ________ seen in M3 / Acute promyelocytic leukemia
15 and 17 (results in the fusion between PML gene and retinoic acid receptor a (RARA)
*sufficient diagnosis for M3*
135
Characterized by *butterfly* or *coin-on-coin* nucleus of promyelocyte
M3 / Acute promyelocytic leukemia
136
Most aggressive sub class of AML
M3 / Acute promyelocytic leukemia
137
M3 treatmemt
all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide
138
AML subclass: promonocytes presents contorted nuclei
M4 / Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
139
M5a: >80% monocytic cells, >80% monoblast
M5b: ____________
>80% monocytic cells, <80% monoblast
140
Inclusions seen on M6 / Erythroleukemia / Erythremic myelosis
Ring sideroblast, Howell-Joy bodies
141
AML subclass associated with chloroma
M1
142
Associated with leukostasis together with M5
M4
143
Stain used to differentiate **acute *myelogenous* and monocytic leukemia** from **acute *lymphocytic* leukemia**
Peroxidase
*(Sudan black B for myelomonocytic leukemia from acute lymphocytic leukemia)*
144
Stains lipids present in monocytes and granulocytes
Sudan Black B
145
Stain used to differentiate granulocytic from monocytic
Chloroacetate esterase
146
Stains esterases present in monocytic cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and platelets
Non-specific esterases
*(if in granulocytes = chloroacetate esterase)*
147
Periodic acid schiff is used to help in the diagnosis of _______________
DiGugleilmo’s syndrome
148
Blocky or chunky pattern can be seen in cases of ___________ using PAS
Lymphoblastic leukemia
149
Antibody used to help identify hairy-cell clusters
Anti-CD20 antibody
150
Differentiate hairy cell leukemia from related B cell disorder
Annexin A
151
Lymphoproliferative disorder associated with HTLV-2 infection
Hairy cell leukemia
152
Lymphoma with a *starry-sky pattern*
Burkitt lymphoma
*seen on both BM and lymph node biopsies*
153
Burkitt lymphoma variant where orbits and mandible are the site of disease
Endemic form
154
Mycosis fungoides affects the ______________ (type of lymphocyte)
T cells
155
Most common cutaneous lymphoma
Mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome
156
Rye classification of Hodgkin = based on ____________
Ann arbor classification of Hodgkin= based on ____________
Histologic appearance from biopsy
Histologic appearance and extent of tissue involvement
157
Popcorn cells are seen in…
Nodular lymphocyte predominant hodgkin
158
The best prognosis is seen in ___subtype of classical hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis subtype
159
The most aggressive variant of classical Hodgkin lymphoma, especially in HIV (+) patients
Lymphocyte-depleted hodgkin lymphoma
160
Lymphoma/leukemia associated with HTLV-1
Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
161
Flower cells seen in…
Adult t cell lymphoma/leukemia
162
Immunophenotyping: tumor marker for assessing disease status (Adult T cell lymphoma /leukemia)
Soluble form of IL-2
163
IWCLL requirement to establish diagnosis of CLL
At least 5x10^9/L of circulating B-lymphocytes for more than *3 months*
164
Chromatin patter of lymphocyte/lymphoblast with a cobblestone
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
165
Most common form of non-hodgkin lymphoma
Diffuse large b-cell lymphoma
166
Mantle cell lymphoma demonstrates of translocation of chromosome ____ and ____
11 and 14
*or overexpression of cyclin D1*
167
Associated with BCR/ABL1 abnormality
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
168
JAK2 V617F mutation is found in both ___________ and __________
Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia and essential thrombocythemia
*Polycythemia Vera - w/ Jak2 mutation*
169
Polycythemia vera patients exhibit _________ skin coloration
Ruddy
*(due to INC rbc conc and viscosity of the blood)*
170
Gaisbock’s syndrome is seen in…
Relative polycythemia (stress polycythemia)
