Leukocytes

Question 0

Which are the granulocytes and mononuclear cells

Answer 0

Gran=neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

Mono=lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 1

How to calc abs neutrophil value

Answer 1

Total wbc count x neutrophil percentage (decimal)

Question 2

Which tissue leukocyte cam recirc

Answer 2

Lymphocytes via lymphatic sys

Question 3

Momocytes are

Answer 3

Temp mononuclear cells. Become macrophages

Question 4

Mast cells are involved in

Answer 4

Hypersensitivity rxns

Question 5

Neutrophils are aka

Answer 5

PMN

polymorphyonuclear

Question 6

Avian and reptile equiv of neutrophil

Answer 6

Heterophil

Question 7

Chemotaxis

Answer 7

Acrion of being attracted by chem messengers

Question 8

Chemoattractants

Answer 8

Chem mediators

Question 9

Neutrophil time in bloostream

Answer 9

5-10h

Question 10

Neutrophil time in tissue

Answer 10

24-48h

Question 11

In what animals is MNP CNP equal, 3x larger

Answer 11

Dog, horse, calf - equal

Cat - MNP 3x> CNP

Question 12

What approxes CNP

Answer 12

Wbc and differential count

Question 13

Which are members of

Mitotic pool
Maturation storage pool

Answer 13

Mitotic…myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes

Mat…metamyelocytes, bands, segs

Question 14

What is left shift

Usually assoc with

Describe the 2 types

Answer 14

Increased numbers of i mmature neutrophils in blood

Inflamm conditions. Infectious, immune, infiltrative bone marrow disease

Degen = immature neutro > mature

Regen = mature > immature neutrophils

Question 15

Name 4 major processes that influence measured blood neutrophil conc

Answer 15

Production
Release from bone marrow
Distrib b.w CNP MNP
Migration from blood to tissue

Question 16

What animals have greatest and smallest reserve/ability to prod neutrophils

Answer 16

Dogs greatest
Cat
Horse
Cows least

Question 17

What do mediators do

Answer 17

• vasodilation
• go to marrow to increase amount of mature neutro released and produced
• also cause marg -> circ pool

Question 18

What causes toxic changes

Answer 18

Neutro made quickly

Question 19

3 causes neutrophilia

Answer 19

Inflamm

Excitement (epi)(mnp➡️cnp, pseudo. No feedback from marrow, obv no left shift)

Stress (cortisol)

Question 20

Classic steroid leukogram in dog

Answer 20

Neutrophilia
Monocytosis

Lymphopenia
Eosinopenia

Question 21

3 ways neutrophilia occurs in stress response

Answer 21

Mnp➡️cnp
⬇️migration into tissue. Consumption decreased
Marrow ⬆️ release

Question 22

What is the only inflamm response that doesnt cause a left shift

Answer 22

Chronic closed cavity purulent inflamm. Walled off lesion doesnt allow for consumption, marrow doesnt have a prob keeping up

Question 23

What 3 things woukd indic stress + inflamm response

Answer 23

Neutrophilia + left shift + lymphopenia

Question 24

4 causes of neutropenia

Answer 24

Margination (endotoxemia, considered pseudo b.c no marrow response) Inflamm Periph dest (destruction in circ, such as immune med) Stem cell injury

Question 25

Lesion severity during acute inflamm, neutropenia

Answer 25

Dog very severe Cat very severe Horse probable severe Cow usual finding

Question 26

4 causes of stem cell injury

Answer 26

Infectious parvo ehrlichia feLV Neoplastic Toxic chemo drugs,estrogen Marrow necrosis

Question 27

B versus T lymphocytes

Answer 27

B=humoral immunity, antibody prod T=cell med immunity, activ macrophages, NK cells, T helper cells (Help B prolif and diff into plasma cells)

Question 28

Lymphoblasts diff into

Answer 28

B cells T cells NK cells

Question 29

Myeloblasts diff into

Answer 29

Granulocytes

Question 30

Where do Ba nd T cells mature and prolif

Answer 30

B mature in bone marrow, prolif in periph lymphoid tissue (nodes, spleen, tonsils, bronchial assoc lymphoid tissue, peyer patches in ileum, bursa of fabricius in birds) T mature in thymus, accum in nodes, spleen, pyer patches in jejunum

Question 31

Here do majority of lymphocytes reside. What percent is rest

Answer 31

Lymphoid tissue. 2-5% circulates

Question 32

Path of lymphocyte recirc

Answer 32

Efferent duct - thoracic duct- blood - lymph node cortex capillaries - lymphoid parenchyma - efferent duct Or Blood - spleen (splenic parenchyma) - blood

Question 33

2 common causes lymphocytosis

Answer 33

Excitement (mlp➡️clp) Lymphoproliferative neoplasia Ehrlichia in chronic form causes lymphocytosis, high prop NK cells

Question 34

Chronic versus acute lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 34

Chronic - still functional, expansion small leukocytes Acute - not functional, prolif of immature lymphoblasts

Question 35

What constitutesa. Lymphocytosis

Answer 35

Excitement 20k cells/microliter in cats 12k cells/microliter in dogs Consider chronic ehrlichiosis, 30k partic Lymphocytic leukemia Over 20k cats Over 12k dogs

Question 36

2 causes lymphopenia

Answer 36

Steroid response (sequestration in lymphoid tissue) Acute inflamm (acute viral inf, neutropenia)

Question 37

SCI

Answer 37

Severe combined immunideficiency in arabian foals causes lymphopenia

Question 38

Monocytes diff into. How long survive

Answer 38

Macrophages 3mo, dendritic 10-14

Question 39

What tumors are assoc with eosinophilia

Answer 39

Mast cell tumor. T cell lymphoma, carcinoma

Question 40

Right shift?

Answer 40

Increased comc of hyperseg neutrophils Over 5 most mammals Over 7 horse

Question 41

Idioathic right shift is normal in Assoc woth vitb12 folate def in

Answer 41

Quarter horses Dogs cats

Question 42

4 characteristics of toxic neutrophils

Answer 42

Cytoplasmic basophilia Dohle bodies Cytoplasmic vacuolization. Assoc with inherited lysosomal storage diseases. Mucopolysaccharidosis. Siamese-related Larger size