Level 1 CMS Flashcards
(451 cards)
1
Q
What is Phylloxera?
A
A vine louse that destroyed many of the worlds vineyards in the mid-to-late 1800s
2
Q
What type of climate is defined by its proximity to a large body of water?
A
Maritime
3
Q
What type of climate is defined by long, dry, and sunny growing season.
Characterized by moderate to warm temperatures, little seasonal change, and mild winters.
A
Mediterranean
4
Q
What type of climate is defined by hot temperatures during the summer season and winters cold enough for periodic ice and snow
A
Continental
5
Q
The majority of the world’s vineyards are planted between what latitude lines?
A
Between the 30 and 50 degree latitude lines
6
Q
What wine regions is affected by rain shadows?
A
- Alsace
- Rioja
- Washington State
7
Q
Most quality grape varieties we see today are made from which vine species?
A
Vitis Vinifera
8
Q
What is a moderator that can help warm a microclimate?
A
- Soil
- Wind
- Rivers
9
Q
What is NOT a moderator that can help warm a microclimate?
A
Vine Training System
10
Q
What is a rain shadow?
A
A dry area on one side of a mountain- opposite the wind, rain, and generally poor weather
11
Q
What are the positive effects of wind in a vineyard?
A
- Dries a vineyard to prevent disease
- Can Warm a vineyard
- Can Cool a vineyard
12
Q
What is a Mesoclimate?
A
The climate of a medium sized area
EX:
Single Vineyard site/farm
Valley
Hillside
13
Q
Microclimate
A
The climate of a small, specific area that differs from the surrounding climate.
EX: Single Vine
14
Q
Macroclimate
A
The climate of a larger geographic area
EX:
Country
Continent
15
Q
Explain why “Green Harvesting” is practiced?
A
Green harvesting reduces the amount of fruit and concentrates what remains on the vine
16
Q
What term describes the vines annual growth cycle?
A
Veraison
17
Q
What is Vinification?
A
Activities and decisions occurring in the winery
18
Q
What is Carbonic Maceration?
A
Process that involves intracellular fermentation of whole berries converted into alcohol in the absence of oxygen
19
Q
Winemakers wanting increased butter flavor and creamier texture in white wines promote
A
Malolactic Fermentation
20
Q
Malolactic Fermentation
A
Tart Malic acids converted to softer tasting lactic acids.
- Butter (Diacetyl)
- Buttered popcorn
- Cream
21
Q
Autolysis
A
Destruction of cells or tissues by their own enzymes.
- Dead enzymes
22
Q
Chaptalization
A
Addition of sugar to must to increase the final alcohol content
23
Q
Acidification
A
The addition of acids to must or finished wine
24
Q
What wine region is most associated with the use of Carbonic Maceration?
A
Beaujolais
25
Why is sorting grapes an important part of the Vinification process?
1. Sorts out undesirable damaged or rotting fruit from entering the fermentation vessel
2. Sorts out leaves and branches from entering the fermentation vessel
3. Sorts out pests from entering the fermentation vessel
26
True or False:
American Oak Barrels are generally characterized by more intense aromas of coconut and vanilla than French Oak Barrels
True
27
What does not potentially add flavor to wine?
Stainless Steel Vinification
28
In the process of fermentation, yeasts metabolize grape sugars and produce:
1. Alcohol
2. Carbon Dioxide
3. Heat
29
Which aromas and flavors are associated with Sur Lie aging?
1. Yeast
2. Bread Dough
3. Beer
4. Toast
5. Subtle White Flowers
6. Nuts (blanched almonds, pine nuts, peanut shells)
30
CAUSE:
Warm climate or Vintage
Whats the EFFECT?
Elevated Alcohol in Wine
31
CAUSE:
Cool climate or Vintage
Whats the EFFECT?
Elevated Acidity in Wine
32
CAUSE:
Cold Stabilization
Whats the EFFECT?
Clarity in Sight
33
Where would Chaptalization occur?
Cool Climates
34
What would color staining on the glass from red wine indicate?
- Higher alcohol content
- High pigment concentration
35
Where would acidification occur?
Warmer Climates
36
Sediment in wine is due to:
Tartrates
37
CAUSE:
Deep Purple Color in Wine
Whats the EFFECT?
Grape Variety with High Pigmentation
38
CAUSE:
High Extraction of Color
Whats the EFFECT?
Staining or color extraction in tears
39
What descriptors potentially indicate Oak use in wine?
Cinnamon and Clove
40
Sweetness in wine is due to:
The presence of sugar in the wine
41
Sugar in food will make wine taste more:
Tart and/or Bitter
42
TCA or Tricholoranisol in wine is due to:
The cork being infected with TCA
43
What does Acidity in wine do?
Creates a mouth watering sensation
44
What does Tannin in wine do?
Dries the palate out
45
A wine would be Hazy or Cloudy due to:
Sediment in the wine
46
What is fining in winemaking?
The process of adding a substance to wine to bind and remove unwanted particles, such as proteins, tannins, or off-odors, to improve clarity, stability, and texture.
47
What are common fining agents used in winemaking?
1. Bentonite (removes proteins)
2. Egg whites / Gelatin (soften tannins)
3. Isinglass / Casein (improve clarity)
4. PVPP (removes bitterness)
48
What is filtration in winemaking?
Filtration is the process of physically removing particles (like yeast, bacteria, or sediment) from wine by passing it through a filter or membrane.
49
What are the main types of filtration?
1. Depth filtration – using porous pads to trap solids
2. Surface (membrane) filtration – fine filtering with membranes (can be sterile)
3. Cross-flow filtration – advanced, efficient, uses pressure
50
What is the main difference between fining and filtration?
1. Fining = uses agents to chemically bind particles and remove them
2. Filtration = physically removes particles by passing wine through a filter
51
What is Viscosity?
1. Thickness
2. Texture
3. Flow
- Staining and tearing in a glass
- High sugar or alcohol
52
What are some notes of Volatile Acidity (VA)?
Vinegar, nail polish remover, or glue
- VA = Vinegar/Nail Polish.
53
Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)
Burnt matchsticks
- Used as a preservative and antimicrobial in winemaking.
- Where you find it: In young white wines or wines with high added SO₂.
54
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
Rotten eggs, sewer gas.
- Often from reductive winemaking or nutrient-deficient fermentations.
- Can evolve into: More complex sulfur compounds (like mercaptans or disulfides) which smell like burnt rubber, cabbage, garlic, or skunk.
55
When pairing a Sweet Wine and a Sweet Food:
The wine should be sweeter than the food
56
Animal fat in food can:
Decrease the palates perception of tannin in wine
57
Salt in food can:
Decrease the palates perception of acidity
58
Spicy Heat in food can:
1. Be Inflamed by High Alcohol content
2. Be Softened by Low Alcohol content
3. Be Softened by Sweeter wines
59
What is a classic pairing with Stilton Cheese?
Port
60
Which of the following grape varieties produces wine with intense aromas of bell pepper and blackcurrant?
Cabernet Sauvignon
61
What are tertiary flavors in wine?
Flavors that develop and age in the bottle
62
What does “bâtonnage” refer to?
Stirring the Lees in barrel
63
Old World Countries
1. France
2. Italy
3. Spain
4. Portugal
5. Germany
6. Austria
64
Describe the flavor profiles of the Old World
More Earthy and minerally in flavor
65
New World Countries
1. North America
2. South America
3. South Africa
4. Australia
5. New Zealand
66
Describe the flavor profiles of the New World
More fruit driven
67
Winemaking process that involves separating wine from its sediment/removing dead yeast cells?
Racking
68
What is Anaerobic Fermentation (Alcoholic Fermentation)?
Fermentation that takes place in the absence of oxygen.
Yeast + Sugar = Alcohol + CO2 (no oxygen) + Heat
- This is how all alcoholic fermentation happens — whether it's red, white, sparkling, etc. Yeasts convert sugars to alcohol in an oxygen-free environment.
- So technically, every alcoholic fermentation is anaerobic.
69
BURGUNDY
What is the climate for Burgundy?
Continental
70
BURGUNDY
What are the sub regions for Chablis?
1. Petit Chablis
2. Chablis Premier Cru
3. Chablis Grand Cru
4. Chablis
71
BURGUNDY
What appellation is a red wine-only appellation in France?
Morgon
- Red only, Beaujolais France
72
BURGUNDY
Which of the following is not in the Cote Chalonnais?
A. Rully
B. Mercurey
C. Givry
D. Chassagne-Montrachet
Chassagne Montrachet
(Located in Cote de Beaune)
73
BURGUNDY
Where is Chassagne-Montrachet?
Cote de Beaune
74
BURGUNDY
Name the Village AOPs in Cote de Beaune
1. Aloxe-Corton
2. Beaune
3. Pommard
4. Volnay
5. Meursault
6. Puligny-Montrachet
7. Chassagne-Montrachet
75
BURGUNDY
Name the Village AOPs in Cote Chalonnaise
1. Bouzeron
2. Rully
3. Mercurey
4. Givry
5. Montagny
76
BURGUNDY
Name the Village AOPs in Cote de Nuits
1. Gevrey-Chambertin
2. Morey-Saint-Denis
3. Chambolle-Musigny
4. Vougeot
5. Vosne-Romanee
6. Nuits-Saint-Georges
77
BURGUNDY
Does Macconais have any Grand Crus or Premier Cru Vineyards?
No
78
BURGUNDY
Name the Appellations in Macconais
1. Macconais
2. Saint-Veran
3. Pouilly-Fuisse
79
BURGUNDY
What is the soil for Beaujolais Crus?
Granite
80
BURGUNDY
What is the grape variety for the region of Macconais?
Chardonnay
81
BURGUNDY
Which of the following is not a classic region or village for Chardonnay in Burgundy?
A. Pouilly Fuisse
B. Chablis
C. Macon
D. Pommard
Pommard
(Because Pommard is Pinot Noir in Cote de Beaune, Burgundy)
82
BURGUNDY
How are the very best vineyards in the Cote d'Or designated?
Grand Crus
83
BURGUNDY
What is an example of a designated Chablis Grand Cru?
Les Clos
84
BURGUNDY
What is the main grape of the Morgon AOP?
Gamay
85
BURGUNDY
What is a Monopole?
Parcel of land with single ownership
86
BURGUNDY
Define Cote:
Hillside or Slope
87
BURGUNDY
Define Clos:
A plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded by Dry Stone Walls
88
BURGUNDY
What is a Negociant?
Merchants that buy Grapes, Juice, or Finished Wine for Blending and Bottling under their own Label
89
BURGUNDY
What is a Domaine?
A Grower/Producer that owns the vineyards of which they are producing wine.
- If its domaine then its from burgundy France. It’s a French term.
- Grown, made, and bottled all on the property.
90
BURGUNDY
What is the grape variety for
VILLAGE: Les Clos
Chardonnay
91
BURGUNDY
What is the grape variety for
VILLAGE: Meursault
Chardonnay
92
BURGUNDY
What is the grape variety for
VILLAGE: Pommard
Pinot Noir
93
BURGUNDY
What is the grape variety for
VILLAGE: Volnay
Pinot Noir
94
BURGUNDY
What is the grape variety for
VILLAGE: Morgon
Gamay
95
BURGUNDY
Where is the Village Morgon located?
Beaujolais
96
BURGUNDY
What is the grape variety for
VILLAGE: Bouzeron
Aligote
97
BURGUNDY
What is the grape variety for
VILLAGE: Rully
1. Chardonnay
2. Pinot Noir
3. Cremant de Bourgogne
98
BURGUNDY
What is the grape variety for
VILLAGE: Givry
1. Chardonnay
2. Pinot Noir
99
BURGUNDY
What is the grape variety for
VILLAGE: Montagny
Chardonnay
100
BURGUNDY
What is the grape variety for
VILLAGE: Gevrey-Chambertin
Pinot Noir
101
BURGUNDY
Where is Gevrey-Chambertin located?
Cote de Nuits
102
BURGUNDY
What is the grape variety for
VILLAGE: Musigny
Pinot Noir
103
BURGUNDY
What is an important soil in Chablis?
1. Kimmeridgian- Clay/Limestone (Imp.)
2. Portlandian- Weathered Limestone
104
Describe the difference between how the wines of Bordeaux and the wines of Burgundy are classified
Bordeaux: Classifies by Chateau or Producer
Burgundy: Classifies based on Land and Vineyard Terroir
105
BURGUNDY
When are Beaujolais Nouveaus released?
3rd Thursday in November following the harvest
106
BURGUNDY
Le Musigny is classified as a:
Grand Cru
107
BORDEAUX
What soil in Bordeaux is most suitable for Cabernet Sauvignon?
Gravel
108
BORDEAUX
Which area of Bordeaux is best known for NOT having a class action of its Chateaux?
Pommerol
109
BORDEAUX
What area of Bordeaux is best known for having a class action of its Chateaux under the 1855 Bordeaux classification?
Medoc
110
BORDEAUX
What grape typically dominates the wines of Pomerol?
Merlot
111
BORDEAUX
Where is Chateau Haut-Brion located?
Pessac-Leognan/Graves
112
BORDEAUX
Where is Chateau Mouton Rothschild located?
Pauillac, in the Medoc region
113
BORDEAUX
Where is Chateau Margaux located?
Margaux, in the Medoc region
114
BORDEAUX
In what year were the wines of the Medoc first classified?
1855
115
BORDEAUX
Where is Chateau Latour located?
Pauillac, in the Medoc region
116
BORDEAUX
Which grape is considered the most important grape variety in the Medoc?
Cabernet Sauvignon
117
BORDEAUX
What region produces only Dry, White, AOP wines in Bordeaux?
Entre-Deux-Mers
118
BORDEAUX
What are the first 5 Growths of the 1855 Classification?
1. Chateau Lafite Rothschild
2. Chateau Latour
3. Chateau Margaux
4. Chateau Haut-Brion
5. Chateau Mouton-Rothschild
119
BORDEAUX
What Bank is Margaux in?
Left Bank
120
BORDEAUX
What Bank is Pessac-Leognan in?
Left Bank
121
BORDEAUX
What Bank is Sauternes in?
Left Bank
122
BORDEAUX
What Bank is Pomerol in?
Right Bank
123
BORDEAUX
What Bank is Entre-Deux-Mers in?
Neither. In the Middle
124
BORDEAUX
What is the wine style for
APPELLATION: Margaux
Dry Red Wines
125
BORDEAUX
What is the wine style for
APPELLATION: Pessac-Leognan
Dry Red and White Wines
126
BORDEAUX
What is the Style of wine for
APPELLATION: Sauternes
Sweet White Wines
127
BORDEAUX
What is the wine style for
APPELLATION: Pomerol
Dry Red Wines
128
BORDEAUX
What is the wine style for
APPELLATION: Entre-Deux-Mers
Dry White Wines
129
BORDEAUX
Why were the wines of Bordeaux better known internationally than most other French wines?
The proximity to the Atlantic.
Plus the wide Gironde Estuary was large enough for ships to sail inland into the region for international trade
130
BORDEAUX
Relative to the general harvest timing in Bordeaux, grapes used in the production of Sauternes AOP are picked __________
Late
131
BORDEAUX
Typically a wine from Pomerol will be a blend of:
Merlot (Main) and Cab Franc
132
LOIRE VALLEY
What does Sur Lie Aging refer to?
Aging Wines on the Lees
133
LOIRE VALLEY
Tuffeau is an important soil type of which area?
Touraine
134
LOIRE VALLEY
What is not a wine style of Vouvray AOP?
Dry Red
135
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the wine style for
APPELLATION AOP: Savennieres
Dry White wines
136
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
APPELLATION AOP: Bonnezeaux
Chenin Blanc
137
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the wine style for
APPELLATION AOP: Bonnezeaux
Sweet White wines
138
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
APPELLATION AOP: Quarts-de-Chaume
Chenin Blanc
139
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the wine style for
APPELLATION AOP: Quarts-de-Chaume
Sweet White wines
140
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the soil for the Central Vineyards?
1. Silex (Flint), Limestone
2. Kimmeridgian Clay
141
LOIRE VALLEY
How does Sur Lie Aging affect a finished wine?
Gives a wine additional expressiveness and richness
142
LOIRE VALLEY
What is a Sweet Wine Appellation of Anjou-Saumur?
Quarts-de-Chaume and Bonnezeaux
143
LOIRE VALLEY
Name the sub-regions of the Loire Valley
1. Pays Nantais
2. Anjou-Saumur
3. Touraine
4. Central Vineyards
144
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the AOP Appellations of Pays Nantais?
1. Muscadet
2. Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine
145
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the AOP Appellations of Anjou-Saumur?
1. Savennieres
2. Quarts-de-Chaume
3. Bonnezeaux
4. Anjou-Villages
146
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the AOP Appellations of Touraine?
1. Bourgueil
2. Chinon
3. Vouvray
4. Touraine
147
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the AOP Appellations of Central Vineyards?
1. Sancerre
2. Pouilly-Fume
148
ALSACE
What does a rain shadow provide?
Protection from Harsh Weather
149
ALSACE
What type of wine is Selection de Grains Nobles (SGN)?
Botrytis affected Sweet Wine
150
ALSACE
What is Vendange Tardive (VT)?
1. Late Harvest
2. May also be affected by botrytis
3. Rich, Full bodied
4. Not always sweet
151
ALSACE
What is the name of the River that flows to the east of Alsace?
Rhine
152
ALSACE
What type of wine is Cremant d'Alsace?
Traditional method, Sparkling Wine
153
ALSACE
What is the name of the Mountain Range that protects Alsace?
Vosges
154
ALSACE
What grape is NOT allowed in Alsace Grand Cru AOP?
Pinot Noir
155
ALSACE
If a wine from Alsace is labeled by grape variety, it must contain ________ of that variety
100%
156
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Chinon
Cabernet Franc
157
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Bourgueil
Cabernet Franc
158
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Sancerre Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
159
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Pouilly-Fume
Sauvignon Blanc
160
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Savennieres
Chenin Blanc
161
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Vouvray
Chenin Blanc
162
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Muscadet de Sevre-et-Maine
Melon de Bourgogne
163
LOIRE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Sancerre Rouge
Pinot Noir
164
RHONE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Cote-Rotie
Syrah
165
RHONE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Cornas
Syrah
166
RHONE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Chateauneuf-du-Pape
Grenache
167
RHONE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Gigondas
Grenache
168
RHONE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Tavel
Grenache
169
RHONE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Condrieu
Viognier
170
RHONE VALLEY
What is the grape variety for
APPELLATION (AOP): Hermitage Blanc
Marsanne
171
RHONE VALLEY
Is Hermitage Blanc considered Northern or Southern Rhone?
Northern Rhone
172
RHONE VALLEY
Name the Appellations of the Northern Rhone
1. Cote-Rotie
2. Condrieu
3. Saint-Joseph
4. Crozes-Hermitage
5. Hermitage
6. Cornas
173
RHONE VALLEY
Name the Appellations of the Southern Rhone
1. Gigondas
2. Vacqueyras
3. Chateauneuf-du-Pape
4. Tavel
174
RHONE VALLEY
Name the following for Northern Rhone:
Climate
Vineyard Topography
Soil Type
Main Red Grape
Main White Grape
Blend or Single Variety
Mistral Wind
Climate: Cool/Continental
Topography: Steep Hillsides
Soil: Granite/Schist
Red Grape Variety: Syrah
White Grape Variety: Viognier
Single Variety Wine
Mistral Wind: Warms and Dries Vineyards
175
RHONE VALLEY
Name the following for Southern Rhone:
Climate
Vineyard Topography
Soil Type
Main Red Grape
Main White Grape
Blend or Single Variety
Mistral Wind
Climate: Warm Mediterranean
Topography: Flatter Plains
Soil: Large River Stones (Galets)
Red Grape Variety: Grenache
White Grape Variety: Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Roussane
Blends
Mistral Wind: Cools and Dries Vineyards
176
RHONE VALLEY
What AOP features the greatest percentage of steep hillside vineyards?
Cote-Rotie
177
ITALY
By law, when can Brunello di Montalcino wines be released for sale?
After January 1st of the fifth year following the harvest
178
ITALY
What does Metodo Classico refer to?
Sparkling wines made using the Classic Method
179
ITALY
What is Italys most important river in Piedmont?
Po
180
ITALY
What do the Alps provide to the Piedmont wine region?
Rain Shadow
181
ITALY
What wine is made by the appassimento process?
Amarone
182
ITALY
What is the appassimento process?
Appassimento is a winemaking technique where grapes are dried after harvest, concentrating their sugars, flavors, and tannins, resulting in wines with higher alcohol content, richer flavors, and a unique, raisiny character, particularly known for Amarone and Recioto
183
ITALY
What DOCG zone is located in Piedmont?
Barolo
184
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Moscato d'Asti
Off Dry, Semi Sparkling White Wine.
Tank/Charmat method
185
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Brachetto d'Acqui
Sweet, Sparkling Red
186
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Franciacorta
Dry, Metodo Classico sparkling
187
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Barbera d'Asti
Dry Red
188
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Brunello di Montalcino
Dry Red
189
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Valtellina Superiore
Dry Red
190
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Etna Rosso
Dry Red
191
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Taurasi
Dry Red
192
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Gavi
Dry White
193
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Valpolicella
Dry Red
- Medium Body
- Cherries
- Raspberries
- Subtle Spice notes
- Intensely concentrated with dried fruit notes
194
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Valpolicella Classico
Dry Red
- Light Bodied
- Fresh wine
- Bright Acidity
- Cherry Fruit flavors
- Floral Aromas
195
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Valpolicella Superiore
Dry Red
- Step up in quality from Classico
- Aged for at least a year
- Aged in wood
- Resulting in wines with greater depth and complexity
- Minimum alcohol content of 12%
196
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Valpolicella Rispasso
Dry Red
- Fuller Bodied
- Richer
- Complex wine
- Increased alcohol and tannins
- Made by adding dried grape pomace (leftover from Amarone or Recioto production)
197
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Amarone della Valpolicella
Dry Red
- Full Bodied
- Rich
- Made entirely of dried grapes and aged extensively
- Intense flavors of dried fruit, spice, and chocolate
- Most prestigious and complex style
198
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Recioto della Valpolicella
Sweet Red
- Sweet red wine
- Also made from dried grapes
- Similar to Amarone but retaining more sweetness
199
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Soave Superiore
Dry White
200
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Fiano di Avellino
Dry White
201
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Greco di Tufo
Dry White
202
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Verdicchio di Mantelica
Dry White
203
ITALY
What is the style of wine for
DOC/DOCG: Lambrusco
1. Red Sparkling
2. Tank Charmat method
204
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Barbaresco
Nebbiolo
205
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Barolo
Nebbiolo
206
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Valtellina Superiore
Nebbiolo
207
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Prosecco
Glera
208
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Gavi
Cortese
209
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Franciacorta
Chardonnay
Pinot Nero
210
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Brunello di Montalcino
Sangiovese
211
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Chianti Classico
Sangiovese
212
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Amarone della Valpolicella
Corvina
213
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Valpolicella
Corvina
214
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Soave
Gargenega
215
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Lambrusco
Lambrusco
216
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Etna Rosso
Nerello Mascalese
217
ITALY
What is the Dominant Grape Variety for
DOC/DOCG: Taurasi
Agliancio
218
ITALY
What style of wine is Alto Adige most known for producing?
Dry, Still White
(Alto Adige is in the Northern region of Italy)
219
ITALY
Fog that rolls off the Alps into Piedmont vineyards is a:
Nebbia
220
ITALY
What is the soil for Piedmont?
Limestone/Sandstone
221
ITALY
What region is depicted in the map below?
Central Regions- Italy
222
ITALY
What region is depicted in the map below?
Northern Regions- Italy
223
ITALY
What region is depicted in the map below?
Piedmont- Italy
224
ITALY
What region is depicted in the map below?
Lombardy- Italy
225
ITALY
What region is depicted in the map below?
Veneto- Italy
226
ITALY
What region is depicted in the map below?
Tuscany- Italy
227
ITALY
What region is depicted in the map below?
Marche- Italy
228
ITALY
What region is depicted in the map below?
Southern Regions- Italy
229
ITALY
What region is depicted in the map below?
Campania- Italy
230
ITALY
What region is depicted in the map below?
Siclily- Italy
231
ITALY
Name the Appellations of Lombardy
1. Valtellina Superiore
2. Franciacorta
232
ITALY
What region is Lombardy?
Northern Region
233
ITALY
Name the Appellations of Piedmont
1. Barolo
2. Barbaresco
3. Moscato d'Asti-Asti
4. Brachetto d'Acqui
5. Gavi
234
ITALY
What region is Piedmont?
Northern Region
235
ITALY
Name the Appellations of Veneto
1. Valpolicella Classico
2. Valpolicella
3. Soave
4. Prosecco di Conegliano Valdobbiadene DOCG
5. Prosecco DOC
236
ITALY
What region is Veneto
Northern Region
237
ITALY
Name the Appellations of Marche
1. Verdicchio di Matelica
2. Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi
- Grape Variety: Verdicchio
- Climate: Mediterranean
- Vinification: Dry, unoaked white
238
ITALY
What region is Marche
Central Region
239
ITALY
Name the Appellations of Tuscany
1. Chianti
2. Chianti Classico
3. Brunello di Montalcino
240
ITALY
What region is Tuscany
Central Region
241
ITALY
Name the Appellations of Campania
1. Greco di Tufo DOCG
2. Taurasi DOCG
3. Fiano di Avellino DOCG
242
ITALY
What region is Campania
Southern Region
243
ITALY
Name the Appellations of Sicily?
Etna DOC
244
ITALY
What region is Sicily
Southern Region
245
ITALY
Name the Northern Regions of Italy
1. Piedmont
2. Valle d'Aosta
3. Lombardy
4. Trentino Alto Adige
5. Friuli Venezia Giulia
6. Veneto
7. Emilia Romagna
8. Liguria
246
ITALY
Name the Central Regions of Italy
1. Tuscany
2. Umbria
3. Latium
4. Marche
5. Abruzzo
247
ITALY
Name the Southern Regions of Italy
1. Sardinia
2. Sicily
3. Campania
4. Basilicata
5. Calabria
6. Molise
7. Puglia
248
ITALY
What is the minimum aging requirements for a Chianti Classico Riserva?
2 Years
249
GERMANY
What is an Einzellage?
A vineyard name
250
GERMANY
What is the Pradikat System based on?
Ripeness of grapes at harvest
251
GERMANY
What ways do vineyards in the Mosel attain extra warmth to help grapes ripen?
1. Sun reflecting from rivers
2. Steep slopes
3. Heat retaining properties of slate soil
252
GERMANY
Spatburgunder is the German word for which grape variety?
Pinot Noir
253
GERMANY
All GG wines are
Dry (Trocken)
254
GERMANY
What is an important river in one of the Germanys wine regions?
Rhine
255
GERMANY
Which are part of the German Anbaugebiete?
A. Mosel, Rheingau, Rheinhessen, Pfalz, Nahe
B. Ahr, Baden, Franken, Hessische Bergstrasse
C. Mittelrhein, Saale-Unstrut, Sachsen, Wurttemberg
D. All of the above
All of the Above
256
GERMANY
Rank the following Pradikat in order of ripeness (least to most ripe)
1. Kabinett
2. Spatlese
3. Auslese
4. Beerenauslese (BA)
5. Eiswein
6. Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA)
257
GERMANY
What are the regions of Germany?
1. Ahr
2. Mittelrhein
3. Mosel
4. Nahe
5. Rheingau
6. Rheinhessen
7. Hessische Bergstrasse
8. Pflaz
9. Baden
10. Wurttemberg
11. Franken
12. Saale-Unstrut
13. Sachsen
258
GERMANY
What is the primary grape variety for Rheingau?
Riesling
259
GERMANY
Which grape variety is known as “Weissburgunder” in Germany?
Pinot Blanc
260
GERMANY
Whats the subregion of the Mosel in Germany?
Bernkastel
261
AUSTRIA
What river is most important to Austrian viticulture?
Danube
262
AUSTRIA
Smaragd is a quality term used in which wine region?
Wachau
263
AUSTRIA
What is Austrias signature Grape Variety?
Gruner Veltliner
264
AUSTRIA
What styles of wine are mainly produced in Austria?
Either Very Dry, or Very Sweet
265
AUSTRIA
What is the four major wine growing regions of Austria?
1. Nierderosterreich
2. Wein (Vienna)
3. Burgenland
4. Styria (Steiermark)
266
AUSTRIA
The primary color of Wachau DAC wine is:
White
267
AUSTRIA
What are the 3 important sub-regions of Niederosterreich?
1. Kamptal DAC
2. Kremstal DAC
3. Wachau
268
SPAIN
Which DO will you find wines made from the Albarino grape?
Rias Baixas
269
SPAIN
What are the two DOCa regions of Spain?
Rioja and Priorat
270
SPAIN
What style of wine does Priorat DOQ produce?
Dry, Powerful Reds
271
SPAIN
What aspect of topography affects the climate of Ribera del Duero?
1. Strong diurnal difference
2. Warm to hot summer
3. High elevation of the Meseta
272
SPAIN
What is the main white grape variety of Rueda?
Verdejo
273
SPAIN
What does "Gran Reserva" on a label of Rioja refer to?
Aging requirements for barrel and bottle
274
SPAIN
Which DOP will you find wines made from the Alvarinho, Trajadura, and Loureiro grapes?
Vinho Verde
275
SPAIN
Name the regions of Spain
1. Rias Baixas
2. Toro
3. Rueda
4. Ribera del Duero
5. Rioja
6. Penedes
7. Priorat
8. La Mancha
9. Jerez-Xeres-Sherry
276
SPAIN
What major red grapes make the wines of Priorat?
1. Garnacha
2. Carinena
277
SPAIN
What region in Spain produces sparkling wine and what is the sparkling wine called?
Region: Penedes
Sparkling Wine: Cava
278
SPAIN
What are the 3 levels for aging Rioja wines?
1. Crianza
2. Reserva
3. Gran Reserva
279
SPAIN
The Douro DOP shares the same Appellation boundaries as which fortified wine?
Port
280
SPAIN
Baixo Corgo is a sub-zone of which wine region?
Douro DOP
281
SPAIN
What are the sub-zones of the Douro DOP?
1. Baixo Corgo
2. Cima Corgo
3. Douro Superior
282
SPAIN
What best characterizes the red wines from the Douro DOP?
Rich, Intense, and Full Bodied
283
SPAIN
The best vineyard are planted on which soil type in the Douro DOP?
Schist
284
SPAIN
What best characterizes the white wines from the Vinho Verde DOP?
1. Youthful
2. High Acid
3. Low Alcohol
4. Slightly Effervescent
285
SPAIN
What is the primary Red Grape for Toro?
Tempranillo
286
SPAIN
What is the primary Red Grape for Ribera del Duero?
Tempranillo
287
SPAIN
What is the primary Red Grape for Rioja?
1. Tempranillo (main)
2. Garnacha
288
SPAIN
What is the primary White Grape for Rioja?
Viura (name is also macabeo)
289
SPAIN
What is the primary White Grape for Rias Baixas?
Albarino
290
SPAIN
What is the primary White Grape for Toro?
Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc
291
SPAIN
What is the primary White Grape for Priorat?
Macabeo
Xarel-lo
Parellada
292
SPAIN
________ on a bottle of Rioja DOCa indicates the longest amount of aging before release
Gran Reserva
293
NORTH AMERICA
The Willamette Valley (Oregon) is best known for which grape variety?
Pinot Noir
294
NORTH AMERICA
What has the most dramatic influence on the climate of Columbia Valley AVAs?
Rain Shadow from the Cascade Mountains
295
NORTH AMERICA
Where is the Russian River Valley AVA located?
Sonoma County, California
296
NORTH AMERICA
Whats the climate of the Anderson Valley and its best known style of wine?
Cool Coastal
Sparkling Wines
297
NORTH AMERICA
Which governmental body controls the production and sale of beverage alcohol in North America?
TTB
298
NORTH AMERICA
Who imported European Vinifera Vines to California?
Agoston Haraszthy
299
NORTH AMERICA
For a Rutherford AVA Merlot, what is the minimum percentage of Merlot that must be in the wine?
75%
300
NORTH AMERICA
What is the most renowned California AVA for producing sparkling wine
Anderson Valley
301
NORTH AMERICA
What’s the climate in the Columbia Valley AVA?
Continental
302
NORTH AMERICA
Name the California Overview
303
NORTH AMERICA
Name the California North Coast regions
304
NORTH AMERICA
What region is depicted in the map below?
Napa Valley
305
NORTH AMERICA
What region is depicted in the map below?
Sonoma
306
NORTH AMERICA
What region is depicted in the map below?
Mendocino
307
NORTH AMERICA
What region is depicted in the map below?
Central coast
308
NORTH AMERICA
What region is depicted in the map below?
Oregon
309
NORTH AMERICA
What region is depicted in the map below?
Washington State
310
NORTH AMERICA
What region is depicted in the map below?
New York State
311
NORTH AMERICA
Name the regions of Washington State
1. Columbia Valley AVA
2. Yakima Valley AVA
3. Walla Walla Valley AVA
312
NORTH AMERICA
Name the regions of New York State
1. Lake Erie Region AVA
2. Finger Lakes Region AVA
3. Hudson River Region AVA
4. Long Island Region AVA
313
NORTH AMERICA
Name the regions of Napa Valley
1. Rutherford AVA
2. Oakville AVA
3. Stags Leap District AVA
4. Caneros AVA
5. Howell Mountain AVA
314
NORTH AMERICA
Name the regions of Sonoma
1. Sonoma Coast AVA
2. Russian River Valley AVA
3. Caneros AVA
4. Dry Creek Valley AVA
5. Alexander Valley AVA
6. Sonoma Valley AVA
315
NORTH AMERICA
What’s the Appellation for Mendocino
Anderson Valley AVA
- Cool Coastal
- Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
- Traditional Method Sparkling wines
316
NORTH AMERICA
Name the regions for the Central Coast
1. Monterey AVA
2. Paso Robles AVA
3. Santa Maria Valley AVA
4. Santa Ynez Valley AVA
5. Santa Rita Hills AVA
317
SOUTH AMERICA
What makes up most of the vineyard plantings in Chile?
Red Grapes Varieties
318
SOUTH AMERICA
Name the regions of Chile
1. Aconcagua Valley
2. Casablanca Valley
3. San Antonio Valley
4. Maipo Valley
5. Rapel Valley
6. Curico Valley
7. Maule Valley
319
SOUTH AMERICA
Name the Regions of Argentina
1. Salta
2. Mendoza
3. Patagonia
320
SOUTH AMERICA
What are the Sub-Regions of Mendoza
1. Lujan de Cuyo
2. Valle de Uco
321
SOUTH AMERICA
True or False:
The Valle Central DO is the largest wine growing area in Chile
True
322
SOUTH AMERICA
Both the Casablanca and San Antonio Valley DOs share this trait:
Cool Climate Regions near the Pacific Coast
323
SOUTH AMERICA
What is the grape variety produced in the Maipo Valley?
Cabernet Sauvignon
324
SOUTH AMERICA
What does Humboldt Current do?
Brings cool, moist air and fog to the Coastal Regions of Chile
325
SOUTH AMERICA
True or False:
Carmenere is a grape brought to Chile from the Bordeaux region of France
True
326
SOUTH AMERICA
For a long time, Carmenere was mistaken for which grape variety?
Merlot
327
SOUTH AMERICA
What are the Sub-Regions of the Valle Central DO?
1. Maipo Valley
2. Rapel Valley
3. Curico Valley
4. Maule Valley
328
SOUTH AMERICA
Where is the Lujan de Cuyo DOC located?
Mendoza
329
SOUTH AMERICA
What is the Zonda?
A fierce wind from the Andes
330
SOUTH AMERICA
What is the most important feature of the Salta Vineyards?
High Altitude
331
SOUTH AMERICA
What is a prominent area in Argentina for Torrontes?
Salta
332
SOUTH AMERICA
What is the primary White Grape Variety of Argentina?
Torrontes
333
SOUTH AMERICA
What is the primary Red Grape Variety of Argentina?
Malbec
334
SOUTH AMERICA
What percentage do most producers use in order to adhere to European Law for Export?
85%
335
SOUTH AMERICA
In order to bear the name of a Grape, Vintage, or Region, a wine must contain a minimum of what percent according to Chilean Wine Law?
75%
336
SOUTH AMERICA
Whats the major hazard to the vineyards of Mendoza?
Hail
337
SOUTH AMERICA
Carmenère is most commonly associated with wine produced in ___________.
Chile
338
SOUTH AFRICA
Steen is a local name for which grape variety?
Chenin Blanc
339
SOUTH AFRICA
The Benguela Current can help:
Cool Coastal South African vineyards
340
SOUTH AFRICA
Name the Districts of South Africans Coastal Region
1. Swartland
2. Constantia
3. Paarl
4. Stellenbosch
5. Walker Bay
341
SOUTH AFRICA
The grape variety Pinotage is a _______ of Cinsault and Pinot Noir
Crossing
342
SOUTH AFRICA
What is the effect of the Cape Doctor Wind on the vineyards of South Africa:
1. Helps suppress Fungal Disease
2. Helps moderate Temperatures
3. A very Strong Wind that can injure the vines and disturb flowering
343
SOUTH AFRICA
List the South African Geographic Wine of Origin Designations from SMALLEST to LARGEST
1. ESTATES
2. WARDS
3. DISTRICTS
4. REGIONS
5. GEOGRAPHICAL UNITS
344
AUSTRALIA
Name the GIs of South Australia?
1. Clare Valley
2. Barossa Valley
3. Eden Valley
4. McLaren Vale
5. Coonawarra
345
AUSTRALIA
Name the GIs of New South Wales
1. Hunter Valley
2. Riverina
346
AUSTRALIA
Name the GIs of Victoria
1. Murray Darling
2. Rutherglen
3. Yarra Valley
347
AUSTRALIA
Name the GI for Western Australia
Margaret River
348
AUSTRALIA
What region is famous for its Terra Rossa soil?
Coonawarra
349
AUSTRALIA
Why does the Barossa Valley have many 100+ year old vines?
Absence of Phylloxera
350
AUSTRALIA
Sparkling Wines production thrives in Victoria due to which factor?
Proximity to Cool Ocean Breezes
351
AUSTRALIA
The Clare Valley and the Eden Valley are most noted for which style of wine?
Dry Riesling
352
AUSTRALIA
What is the largest Australian GI?
Southeastern Australia
353
AUSTRALIA
What is the grape variety for
Yarra Valley
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
354
AUSTRALIA
What is the grape variety for
Eden Valley
Dry Riesling
355
AUSTRALIA
What is the grape variety for
Clare Valley
Dry Riesling
356
AUSTRALIA
What is the grape variety for
Hunter Valley
Dry Semillon
357
AUSTRALIA
Whats the vinification for Yarra Valley GI?
Still and Sparkling wine
358
AUSTRALIA
What is the Red grape variety for Riverina GI?
1. Bold Shiraz
2. Merlot
359
AUSTRALIA
What is the White grape variety for Riverina GI?
1. Semillon
2. Chardonnay
360
AUSTRALIA
What is the grape variety for
Barossa Valley
Bold Shiraz
361
AUSTRALIA
What is the grape variety for
McLaren Vale
Bold Shiraz
362
AUSTRALIA
What is the grape variety for
Margaret River
Bold Shiraz/ Semillon/
Sauvignon Blanc Blends
363
AUSTRALIA
What is the grape variety for
Coonawarra
Cabernet Sauvignon
364
AUSTRALIA
What is the style of wine for
Rutherglen
Muscat Based Sweet Wines
365
AUSTRALIA
Whats the white grape variety for Rutherglen?
Muscadelle
366
AUSTRALIA
In which century did Australia establish itself as a major wine exporter?
20th
367
NEW ZEALAND
What is the primary grape variety of the Central Otago GI?
Pinot Noir
368
NEW ZEALAND
What does the Southern Alps Provide?
A rain shadow that protects the vineyard areas of the South Island
369
NEW ZEALAND
What is the primary grape variety of the Marlborough GI?
Sauvignon Blanc
370
NEW ZEALAND
What is true about the Gimblett Gravels?
1. It is well known for Bordeaux grape varieties
2. It is a sub zone for Hawkes Bay
3. It has a unique gravelly soil type
371
NEW ZEALAND
What are the Gimblett Gravels
A wine growing district within the Hawke's Bay region of the North Island, New Zealand
372
NEW ZEALAND
Name New Zealands North Island wine regions
1. Auckland
2. Gisborne
3. Hawke's Bay (gimblett gravels-sub region)
4. Wairarapa (Martinborough-sub region)
373
NEW ZEALAND
Name New Zealands South Island wine regions
1. Marlborough
2. Canterbury
3. Central Otago
374
CHAMPAGNE/SPARKLING
If a Champagne is Blanc de Blancs, which grape variety has been used?
Chardonnay
375
CHAMPAGNE/SPARKLING
How does Sur Lie Aging affect the flavor of Champagne?
Gives the wine a Yeasty, Fresh Baked Aroma and Flavor
376
CHAMPAGNE/SPARKLING
Champagne vineyards are best known for which soil type?
Chalk
377
CHAMPAGNE/SPARKLING
Prosecco is made by which method of Sparkling Wine Production?
Tank Method/Charmat Method
378
CHAMPAGNE/SPARKLING
What grape is not grown in Champagne?
Riesling
379
CHAMPAGNE/SPARKLING
Name the Champagne sweetness levels and style categories from Dry to Sweet
1. Brut Nature (Bone Dry)
2. Extra Brut (Very Dry)
3. Brut (Dry)
4. Extra Dry (Off Dry)
5. Sec (Semi Sweet)
6. Demi Sec (Sweet)
7. Doux (Very Sweet)
380
CHAMPAGNE/SPARKLING
What is the minimum number of months of lees aging required to produce Champagne AOP?
12 Months
381
CHAMPAGNE/SPARKLING
What’s the minimum aging for non-vintage Champagne?
15 months, which includes the 12 months on the lees.
382
CHAMPAGNE/SPARKLING
What is a white Champagne made from Pinot Noir and/or Meunier.
Blanc de Noirs
383
CHAMPAGNE/SPARKLING
The climate of the Champagne AOP can best be categorized as:
Continental
384
CHAMPAGNE/SPARKLING
What is the standard service temperature for Champagne?
38-45 Degrees
385
CHAMPAGNE/SPARKLING
Whats the minimum aging for Vintage Champagne?
36 months, which includes the 12 months on the lees.
386
FORTIFIED WINES
What Port style is simple, inexpensive, and considered a house brand?
Ruby
387
FORTIFIED WINES
What is Banyuls?
Sweet, fortified wine from France made with the Grenache grape
388
FORTIFIED WINES
What wine is matured under a layer of Flor?
Fino Sherry
389
FORTIFIED WINES
What type of wine is Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise?
Vin Doux Naturel
390
FORTIFIED WINES
What is Estufa Aging?
Stainless steel tanks fit with heating coils to circulate warm water to heat the wine over the course of months
391
FORTIFIED WINES
What is Canteiro aging?
Wines aged in oak casks for at least two years in attics exposed to the sun's natural warmth undergoing a much slower and gentler maturation process.
392
FORTIFIED WINES
Solera is used for which part of the vinification process?
Maturation
393
FORTIFIED WINES
What is Solera?
Barrels with the oldest wines usually closest to the floor
394
FORTIFIED WINES
What is Criadera?
The "Nurseries"
- First Criadera: Holds the wines that are the next oldest after the solera
- Second Criadera: Holds wines younger than the first criadera
395
FORTIFIED WINES
What is Añada?
The youngest and freshest wines
(On top of the 2nd criadera )
396
FORTIFIED WINES
What is the order of the Solera System oldest to youngest?
1. Añada (youngest)
2. Second Criadera
3. First Criadera
4. Solera (oldest)
397
FORTIFIED WINES
For the fractional blending process, whats the maximum amount of wine that is moved per year?
Max 1/3 moved per year
398
FORTIFIED WINES
Aguardente is defined as:
Neutral grape spirit used for Port Production
399
FORTIFIED WINES
What is the main grape of Port?
Touriga Nacional
400
FORTIFIED WINES
What grape variety and soil combination produces the highest quality Sherry?
Palomino Grape
Albariza Soil
401
FORTIFIED WINES
What Madeira grape style is Sweet?
1. Malmsey (Sweetest)
2. Boal
402
FORTIFIED WINES
What Madeira grape style is Dry?
1. Sercial (Driest)
2. Verdelho
403
FORTIFIED WINES
What color is Vintage Port when bottled?
Purple
404
FORTIFIED WINE
What's the main difference between Ruby and Tawny Port?
Aging method
1. Ruby: Aged in tank and fruit forward
2. Tawny: Aged in barrel and oxidized
405
SWEET WINES
Tokaji Aszu is a famous sweet wine from which country?
Hungary
406
SWEET WINES
What is the main grape variety used to make Tokaji Aszu?
Furmint
407
SWEET WINES
What two countries are famous for Icewine Production?
Germany and Canada
408
SWEET WINES
Recioto is an Italian word referring to which type of wine?
Dried Grapes
409
SWEET WINES
What does "Trockenbeernauslese" (TBA) on a bottle of German Riesling indicate?
The wine is made from grapes affected by Botrytis
410
SWEET WINES
Which technique can be used to concentrate sugars in grapes in the vineyard for sweet wine production?
1. Harvesting Late
2. Botrytis
3. Drying Grapes
4. Freezing Grapes
411
SWEET WINES
Bonnezeaux is a famous Botrytis affected sweet wine from which wine region?
Loire Valley, France
(Anjou Saumur)
412
BEER
What are the two broad beer categories of Ale and Lager are based on?
Strain of yeast used for fermentation
413
BEER
What is Malt in beer?
Germinated barley that contributes the sugars needed for fermentation
414
BEER
What beer styles are Ale?
1. Pale Ale/India Pale Ale
2. Stout
3. Hefeweizen
4. IPA
5. Porter
6. Lambic Belgian
415
BEER
What beer styles are Lagers?
1. Pilsner
2. Bock
3. Doppelbock
4. Oktoberfest
416
BEER
What are the primary ingredients in beer?
1. Malt
2. Hops
3. Yeast
417
BEER
What does Hops in beer contribute?
1. Gives bitterness to balance the sweetness of Malt
2. Provides Aroma and Flavor
3. Act as a Preservative
418
BEER
What are Ales?
1. Top fermenting yeast
2. Ferments quickly at warmer temperatures
3. More fruity aromas and flavors are created
419
BEER
What are Lagers?
1. Bottom fermenting yeast
2. Ferments slowly at cooler temperatures
3. More subtle, crisper and cleaner flavors
420
SAKE
What type of Sake is Nigori?
Unfiltered
421
SAKE
What is Koji-Kin?
A fungus used to convert starches to sugar in sake rice
422
SAKE
What type of Sake is Namazake?
Unpasteurized
423
SAKE
Order the polish levels from Highest to Lowest quality
1. Daiginjo
2. Ginjo
3. Honjozo
424
SAKE
If a Sake is labeled Junmai Daiginjo:
How much is polished away?
How much of the rice grain is remaining?
Is Alcohol added?
How much is polished away? 50%
How much of the rice grain is remaining?
50%
Is Alcohol added?
NO
425
SAKE
What is the rice polishing percentage for Ginjo?
60% polished
(40% milled away)
426
SAKE
What is the rice polishing percentage for Daiginjo?
50%
427
SAKE
What is the rice polishing percentage for Honjozo?
70%
(30% milled away)
428
SAKE
How do you know if alcohol is added to sake?
If it has the word "Junmai" then that means alcohol was NOT added.
If it doesn't have that word then it mean alcohol was added.
429
SPIRITS
Cognac and Armagnac are both:
Oak aged, wine based spirits
430
SPIRITS
Flavoring a neutral spirit with botanicals such as juniper berries and lemon peel is common for ________?
Gin
431
SPIRITS
Apples and Pears are the primary fruits of what spirit?
Calvados
432
SPIRITS
With what spirit is the term "Reposado" used to describe aging?
Tequila
433
SPIRITS
"Peatiness" is a dominant flavor of what spirit?
Scotch Whisky
434
The closure pictured below is used for a ________ wine produced via the _________ method.
Sparkling / Traditional
435
SPIRITS
What is the predominant flavor of Kahlua?
Coffee
436
SPIRITS
What is the base ingredient of rum?
Sugarcane or Molasses
437
SPIRITS
What spirit can be distilled from corn, potatoes, wheat, and/or rice?
Vodka
438
SERVICE/HOSPITALITY
Bottles, decanters, and corks should always be placed:
On an underliner on the guests' table
439
SERVICE/HOSPITALITY
What is the ideal range of temperature for long term wine storage?
50-60 Degrees
440
What wine region is most likely to feature the gravel topsoil pictured?
Pauillac
441
BURGUNDY
What is the climate for Chablis?
Cool Continental
442
What label term indicates a traditional, theoretically superior vineyard area within a DOC or DOCG
Classico
443
Name a region that has the coolest climate?
Mosel
444
What country features the Southern Alps mountain range?
New Zealand
445
What wine is a classic pairing with fresh goat cheese?
Sancerre
446
Riesling generally produces wines with elevated ________
Acidity
447
Quinta is best defined as:
Vineyard
448
At 10 years of age, what red wine would most likely require decanting due to sediment?
Hermitage (based on Syrah)
449
At what temperature should a full-bodied red wine like Cabernet Sauvignon be served?
65 Degrees
450
Which winemaking technique helps extract color and tannin in red wine?
Pump-over
- Draws juice from the bottom and pumps it over the cap to extract color/tannins.
451
Which vessel would impart the most oxygen to wine?
New small oak barrel
- Provides more oxygen exposure and imparts flavors like vanilla/spice.
