Levels of Organization

Question 1

What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?

Answer 1

Subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, multi-cellular organisms, population, communities, ecosystems, biosphere
(Some apples make organic concoctions that offend on man -who- probably calls everything basic.)

Question 2

What makes molecules organic?

Answer 2

They contain C-H bonds

Question 3

What makes molecules INorganic?

Answer 3

They do not contain a C-H bond

Question 4

A hypothesis must be what two things?

Answer 4

testable and falsifiable

Question 5

What is a theory?

Answer 5

Explanation strongly supported by large body of research over many years.

Question 6

What is the main component of cell membranes?

Answer 6

Phospholipids

Question 7

What are the first two levels of proteins?

Answer 7

Primary (sequence) and secondary (folding by H bonds)

Question 8

What is a prion?

Answer 8

An infectious protein

Question 9

What sorts of substances might pass freely through a cell membrane?

Answer 9

Non-polar molecules

Question 10

What direction does diffusion go in?

Answer 10

From high to low concentration.

Question 11

Why are cells so small?

Answer 11

It is much easier to get stuff in and out of the cell.

Question 12

What is biology?

Answer 12

The study of life.

Question 13

How is the natural world constructed?

Answer 13

So that each level is a building block of next more complicated level.

Question 14

What is CHNOPS?

Answer 14

The six most prominent elements: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

Question 15

How are molecules formed?

Answer 15

The bonding of atoms by chemical bonds.

Question 16

What is a chemical bond?

Answer 16

The forces that hold different atoms together.

Question 17

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 17

Electric forces attract and hold ions together.

Question 18

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 18

Atoms share outer shell of electrons.

Question 19

What are the 4 types of molecules?

Answer 19

Proteins, nucleic acid, lipids, carbohydrates.

Question 20

How many types of proteins are there?

Answer 20

20

Question 21

What makes a protein essential?

Answer 21

Our bodies do not make it, we must consume it.

Question 22

What is an amino acid?

Answer 22

The building blocks of proteins.

Question 23

What is science?

Answer 23

A process to acquire knowledge.

Question 24

What are the properties of life?

Answer 24

comprised of cells, highly organized and complex, use energy, grow develop reproduce and control internal environment, respond to stimuli, ability to change (pass on genetics), death

Question 25

What are the three types of nucleic acids?

Answer 25

DNA, RNA, ATP

Question 26

What are the five properties of water?

Answer 26

It has 3 physical forms, resits temperature change and holds heat energy, molecules stick together, dissolves other compounds (universal solvent), ability to cling to substances

Question 27

What are hydrogen bonds?

Answer 27

Bonds between molecules with charged regions (AKA: water)

Question 28

What are saturated fats?

Answer 28

Solids at room temperature, single bonds between carbons

Question 29

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 29

Double bonds between some carbons, not saturated with hydrogens, liquid at room temperature

Question 30

What is a phospholipid?

Answer 30

It has phosphorus, is polar, head is polar but tails are non-polar.

Question 31

What are the two types of cells?

Answer 31

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 32

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 32

It has no nucleus, simple

Question 33

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 33

It has a nucleus, more complicated

Question 34

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 34

Water, salt, organic substances, including organelles

Question 35

What is diffusion?

Answer 35

Passive moment of particles requiring no energy

Question 36

What influences diffusion?

Answer 36

Surface area

Question 37

What is the nucleus?

Answer 37

Control center, contains DNA

Question 38

What are ribosomes?

Answer 38

They assemble amino acids into proteins

Question 39

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 39

Network of tubes, makes/ processes lipids and carbohydrates

Question 40

What is the golgi complex?

Answer 40

Stacks of membrane sacs, modifies and sorts products from ER

Question 41

What are vesicles?

Answer 41

Small sacs, transport and storage

Question 42

What are lysosomes?

Answer 42

Vesicles with powerful digestive proteins.