Species and Life

Question 1

species

Answer 1

general term used for each different type of organism

Question 2

morphology

Answer 2

shape and structure

Question 3

From the morphological standpoint, what is a species?

Answer 3

group that share distinctive anatomical characteristics

Question 4

From the biological species concept, what is a species?

Answer 4

group capable of interbreeding and producing fertile young

Question 5

phylogeny

Answer 5

evolutionary history of organism

Question 6

From the phylogenetic species concept, what is a species?

Answer 6

smallest group of organism with similar features that come from a common ancestor

Question 7

classification

Answer 7

process of sorting things based on similarities and differences

Question 8

taxonomy

Answer 8

science of classification and naming organisms

Question 9

Name the taxonomic hierarchy

Answer 9

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 10

What is the two names system?

Answer 10

scientific name- genus and species with genus name capitalied

Question 11

what are the two different classification systems for taxonomy?

Answer 11

artificial- appearance

natural- based on evolutionary history

Question 12

What is it with domains?

Answer 12

new concept, compares sequences in ribosome RNA

Question 13

What are the three domains?

Answer 13

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 14

Which are archaea closely related to?

Answer 14

bacteria

Question 15

Which domains are the most abundant?

Answer 15

mass and number- bacteria and archaea

Question 16

What are the four kingdoms?

Answer 16

protista, plantae, fungi, animalia

Question 17

Where are bacteria and archaea?

Answer 17

everywhere

Question 18

What is a bacterial spore?

Answer 18

resting stage of bacteria, allows survival in harsh conditions for some

Question 19

Who coined the term binomial?

Answer 19

Linnaeus

Question 20

What is the theory of enosymbiois?

Answer 20

origin of eukaryotic cells, developed from organelles, evidence: have DNA, chromosomes are circular like prokarytoes, cell division is by fission like prokarytoes

Question 21

How many bats are there?

Answer 21

1100 bats= 1/5 of all mammals, diviersity 20%

Question 22

What is ecology?

Answer 22

study of interaction of individuals of same species

Question 23

community

Answer 23

interaction of multiple species

Question 24

ecosystem

Answer 24

interaction of living and non-living components

Question 25

biosphere

Answer 25

interactions (human, global, weather, etc)

Question 26

density

Answer 26

number of individuals of species in area

Question 27

biotic potential

Answer 27

maximal rate of growth of species in ideal conditions

Question 28

carrying capacity (k)

Answer 28

maximum number of individuals that environment can support over time without lasting damage to environment

Question 29

density-dependent factors

Answer 29

factors that affect populations in proportion to density, this is become more forceful with increasing density

Question 30

competition

Answer 30

use of limited resource by individual reduces availability to others

Question 31

disease

Answer 31

spreading of contagious diseases works in this fashion (control population growth)

Question 32

pollution

Answer 32

undesirable change that harmfully affects organisms

Question 33

predation

Answer 33

feeding by organisms on others

Question 34

density-independent factors

Answer 34

factors affecting population growth not dependent on number of individuals

Question 35

What is a k-selected species?

Answer 35

species with stable population, efficient resource use, long lives, fewer offspring, parental care, slow reproductive rate

Question 36

What is a r-selected species?

Answer 36

adapted for rapid reproduction and high densities, population crash, non efficient, short lives, many offspring, no parental care, quick reproductive rate

Question 37

population age structure

Answer 37

graphs showing age distribution

Question 38

What is community ecology?

Answer 38

populations of different species that interact as each individual pursues resources to survive and reproduce

Question 39

intraspecific

Answer 39

same species (population ecology)

Question 40

interspecific

Answer 40

different species (community ecology)

Question 41

Name the six categories of interaction

Answer 41

mutualism, commensalism, neutralism, competition, predation, parasitism

Question 42

mutualism

Answer 42

++, both species benefit from association

Question 43

commensalism

Answer 43

+/0 one species benefits, other is neither harmed or benefits

Question 44

neutralism

Answer 44

0/0, each species doe snot affect each other, don't really interact

Question 45

competition

Answer 45

-/- use of same resources, interaction is negative for both population

Question 46

predation

Answer 46

+/-, one kill sanothers

Question 47

parasitism

Answer 47

+/- one species lives on but doesn't kill its host

Question 48

niche

Answer 48

habitat, plus all abiotic and biotic resources required for survival (theoretical idea)

Question 49

competitive exclusion

Answer 49

one species eliminates another

Question 50

niche partitioning

Answer 50

species coexist if use of same resources in different ways

Question 51

keystone species

Answer 51

species that disproportionately modifies environment and enriches it for others

Question 52

Which is the most closely related living hominid?

Answer 52

chimpanzee

Question 53

ecosystem

Answer 53

all living organisms in a community plus the non-living physical environment

Question 54

Food chain

Answer 54

linear series of food and feeders

Question 55

food web

Answer 55

complex interactions of many food chains

Question 56

trophic level

Answer 56

position of species in food chain

Question 57

producers

Answer 57

autotrohps, make food

Question 58

consumers

Answer 58

heterotroph, eat others for food

Question 59

primary consumer

Answer 59

herbivores

Question 60

secondary consumer

Answer 60

eat herbivores

Question 61

tertiary consumer

Answer 61

eat second level consumer, top carnivores

Question 62

omnivore

Answer 62

consume plants and animals

Question 63

detrivores

Answer 63

break down dead organic materials

Question 64

decomposer

Answer 64

special type of detrivore, return organic matter into inorganic compounds

Question 65

reservoir

Answer 65

storage of materials

Question 66

What do soil bacteria do?

Answer 66

convert N2 in air for plants, "nitrogen fixing" bacteria in roots

Question 67

What global factors affect climate?

Answer 67

earth is round, axis is tilted, energy varies from sun

Question 68

What are the two groups of biomes?

Answer 68

terrestrial and aquatic

Question 69

biological magnification

Answer 69

toxic substances get concentrated and more deadly as it moves up the food chain