Lexis

Question 1

Idiolect

Answer 1

Our distinctive and individual style of speaking influenced by personal and social identities

Question 2

Fillers

Answer 2

Words like um and er which is used in spontaneous speech when thinking or in nervous situations

Question 3

Taboo

Answer 3

AKA expletives, topics which aren’t discusses.
Swear words

Question 4

Regional Variation

Answer 4

the umbrella term which incorporates accent and dialect

Question 5

Dialect

Answer 5

the words and vocab we use

Question 6

Colloquialisms

Answer 6

Informal words or phrases

Question 7

Neologisms

Answer 7

Creating new words in the language

Question 8

Sociolect

Answer 8

How social groups influence our idiolect

Question 9

Jargon

Answer 9

specific terms that only a social group would understand

Question 10

Etymology

Answer 10

origin/journey of words

Question 11

Denoting

Answer 11

definition

Question 12

Semantic/Lexical fields

Answer 12

recurring lexis from the same field

Question 13

Blending or Portmanteau

Answer 13

A type of neologism where you blend words together e.g Brexit (britain and exit)

Question 14

Acronym

Answer 14

Abbreviation of several words that form a word itself e.g NASA

Question 15

Initialisms

Answer 15

First letters of each word in a series but the letters don’t form a new word e.g BBC

Question 16

Hedging or Vague Language

Answer 16

Phrases or words that don’t directly say what they’re talking about e.g kind of, maybe

Question 17

Clipping

Answer 17

Shortening words

Question 18

Operant Conditioning

Answer 18

Children learn via positive and negative reinforcement

Question 19

Child Directed Speech

Answer 19

Children learn via caregivers using language targeted towards children e.g shared knowledge, prosody, simplified lexis

Question 20

Vulgarism

Answer 20

Words just short of taboo (on the formality spectrum) e.g bloody, crap

Question 21

Lexical Ambiguity

Answer 21

Where a word has multiple meanings which can lead to confusion in a sentence e.g flexible, cool

Question 22

Semantics

Answer 22

Correlates with meaning e.g implying no by saying ‘later’ or ‘maybe’

Question 23

anadiplosis

Answer 23

a type of repetition where the last word or phrase of one clause or sentence is repeated at the beginning of the next

Question 24

opinionated language

Answer 24

a personal viewpoint presented as a fact

Question 25

statistical language

Answer 25

factual data used in a persuasive way e.g 80% of people agreed ......

Question 26

high frequency words

Answer 26

words that occur often

Question 27

low frequency verbs

Answer 27

words which you don’t hear often some are archaic (old) or become obsolete (no longer used) e.g timorous for shy

Question 28

euphemism

Answer 28

a word or phrase people use to make things sound more positive, good and likeable e.g passed away for death

Question 29

dysphemism

Answer 29

a word or phrase people use to make something or someone sound more negative, bad and unlikeable e.g cement shoes for death

Question 30

french lexis

Answer 30

elegant sounding terms

Question 31

latinate lexis

Answer 31

complicated, long words

Question 32

anglo-saxon lexis

Answer 32

basic, often monosyllabic

Question 33

diachronic linguistics (diachronically)

Answer 33

change over time

Question 34

synchronic linguistics (synchronically)

Answer 34

change happening in a moment of time

Question 35

pejoration

Answer 35

when a word's meaning becomes more negative over time e.g attitude used to mean position

Question 36

amelioration

Answer 36

when a word's meaning becomes positive over time e.g dizzy used to mean foolishness

Question 37

specialisation/narrowing

Answer 37

when a word's meaning narrows over time e.g girl used to apply to males and females but now only young women

Question 38

generalisation / broadening

Answer 38

when a word's meaning widens over time e.g pretty used to denote attractiveness but now it is commonly used as a modifier like pretty cool

Question 39

polysemy

Answer 39

a synonym for lexical ambiguity

Question 40

malapropisms / untypical collocations

Answer 40

where texts use incorrect collocations / idioms e.g powerful coffee

Question 41

collocations

Answer 41

two or three word phrases herd frequently together

Question 42

genderlect

Answer 42

describes the way conversation between men and women is not right and wrong, or superior and inferior just different coined by deborah tannen

Question 43

speaker oriented epistemic modal tags

Answer 43

request info or confirmation of info e.g but you took the train today didnt you

Question 44

speaker oriented challenging tags

Answer 44

confrontational and may boost the force of an utterance

Question 45

addressee oriented affective softner

Answer 45

mitigate impolite demands e.g pass me my book, would you please?

Question 46

addressee oriented affective facilitative tag

Answer 46

invite conversation turn on speakers assertion e.g the election will be interesting wont it

Question 47

affective tags

Answer 47

indicate concern for the addressee